A Great Success Can’t Be Overnight!

The heights by great men reached and kept

Were not attained by sudden flight;

But they, while their companions slept,

Were toiling upwards in the night.

A word to readers ---The title of this poem is added to, since it is originally with no title.

It is from the WISE SAYINGS Section (page–24) of a Buddhist booklet called BUDDHISM A LIVING MESSAGE and is just quoted “From the Sanskrit” in there, without identifying its real original.
With Metta
A Shin Manita




ႀကီးက်ယ္တဲ႔ ေအာင္ျမင္မႈဆုိတာ ေန႔ခ်င္းညခ်င္း ျဖစ္မလာ


ႀကီးျမတ္သူဟူသမွ်တုိ႔၊ ယူၾကသည္႔ျမတ္ေနရာ
ေရွာင္တခင္ ခုခ်က္ခ်င္း၊ လွ်င္းမရပါ၊
မ်ားသူတို႔အိပ္ေနရာ၊ ညအခါမွာပင္ သူမနား၊
အျမင္႔ကုိသူျမင္လုိ႔၊ သူ႔အစဥ္ ႏွစ္ဆတုိးလုိ႔
ႀကိဳးကုတ္ေလသား။
(အဂၤလန္ဆရာေတာ္ ဦးဥာဏိက)



Explanations …


@-- The heights by great men reached and kept
Were not attained by sudden flight;
(1) The heights were not attained by sudden flight.
(2)They (the heights) were reached and kept by great men.
(Adj Clause)The heights which were reached and kept by great men were not attained by sudden flight.
(Past Participle Adj Phrase) The heights reached and kept by great men were not attained by sudden flight.
တကယ္ေတာ႔ by great men- က သူ႔ဝါက်ရဲ႕အဆုံးမွာ ေနရမွာပါ။ ဒါေပမဲ႔ ကဗ်ာျဖစ္၍ ပထမေၾကာင္းအဆုံး kept- နဲ႔ ေနာက္တစ္ေၾကာင္းေက်ာ္က slept-တုိ႔ ကာရန္ညီေစရန္ ေရွ႕နားကုိ ေရြ႕ထားတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

@-- By sudden flight =ရုတ္တရက္ တစ္ခုန္တစ္လႊားျဖင္႔ (သုိ႔) ပုတ္ပူမီးတုိက္ ႀကဳိးစားရုံ၊ ေကာက္ရုိးမီး လုံးလဝီရိယမ်ဳိးျဖင္႔


@-- They, while their companions slept,
Were toiling upwards in the night.
-They were toiling upwards in the night while their companions slept.

@-- Toil = (1) to work hard and / or for a long time, usually doing hard physical work= ႀကိဳးႀကဳိးစားစား (သုိ႔) အခ်ိန္အၾကာႀကီး အလုပ္လုပ္သည္၊ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔ ကာယအလုပ္ႀကိဳးစားျခင္း။
(2) Toil+ [Adv. / Prep.] = to move slowly and with difficulty= ျဖည္းျဖည္းေႏွးေႏွးႏွင္႔ ခက္ခက္ခဲခဲ ေရြ႕သည္။

Noteworthy Notes!

To my eyes, these notes are noteworthy indeed, so, they are logically named Noteworthy Notes!

These notes come originally from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 7th Edition. Almost all of them are direct translations, yet a few examples are added with the intention of making the learners understand more clearly. And also the original notes in the Oxford Dictionary are taken so that the advanced learners may learn the originals only.

With Metta,
A Shin Manita





Which Word?
Above / Over

~ Above and over can both be used to describe a position higher than something:
Eg. They built a new room above / over the garage.


~ When you are talking about movement from one side of something to the other, you can only use over:
Eg. They jumped over the stream.


~ Over can also mean ‘covering’:
Eg. He put a blanket over the sleeping child.


~ Above and over can also mean ‘more than’.


~ Above is used in relation to a minimum level or a fixed point:
Eg. 2000 feet above sea level.
Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight.


~ Over is used with numbers, ages, money and time:
Eg. He’s over 50.
It costs over £100.
We waited over 2 hours.




ဘယ္ေနရာမွာ ဘယ္စကားလုံးကုိ ဘယ္လုိသုံးမလဲ


Above / Over


~ Above and over can both be used to describe a position higher than something: Above ႏွင္႔ over- ႏွစ္မ်ဳိးလုံးကုိ ပုိျမင္႔တဲ႔ အေနထားတစ္ခုကုိ ေဖာ္ျပဖုိ႔ သုံးႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
Eg. They built a new room above / over the garage. သူတုိ႔ ကားဂိုေဒါင္ေပၚမွာ အခန္းသစ္တစ္ခု ေဆာက္လုိက္တယ္။


~ When you are talking about movement from one side of something to the other, you can only use over: တစ္ဘက္မွ အျခားတစ္ဘက္သုိ႔ ျဖတ္ကူးတဲ႔ လႈပ္ရွားမႈကုိ ေျပာတဲ႔အခါမွာေတာ႔ Over - ကုိသာ သုံးႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
Eg. They jumped over the stream. သူတို႔ စမ္းေခ်ာင္းကုိ ခုန္ကူးသြားၾကတယ္။


~ Over can also mean ‘covering’: Over - ဟာ လႊမ္းၿခဳံျခင္း အဓိပၸာယ္လည္း သက္ေရာက္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
Eg. He put a blanket over the sleeping child. အိပ္ေနတဲ႔ ကေလးအေပၚမွာ သူေစာင္တစ္ထည္ ၿခဳံေပးလုိက္တယ္။


~ Above and over can also mean ‘more than’. Above ႏွင္႔ Over- တုိ႔ဟာ …ထက္ပုိ(ေက်ာ္)တဲ႔ အဓိပၸာယ္လည္း သက္ေရာက္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။


~ Above is used in relation to a minimum level or a fixed point: အနိမ္႔ဆုံးအဆင္႔ (သို႔) မူေသသတ္မွတ္ခ်က္တစ္ခုနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ႔ေနရာမွာ Above- ကုိ သုံးတယ္။
Eg. 2000 feet above sea level= ပင္လယ္ေရမ်က္ႏွာျပင္ထက္ အျမင္႔ေပ ၂၀၀၀-(မွာ)
-Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight. ဒီညေတာ႔ အပူခ်ိန္(ေတြ)ဟာ သုညအထက္ တက္လာမွာမဟုတ္ဘူး။


~ Over is used with numbers, ages, money and time: ဂဏန္းသခ်ၤာ၊ အသက္၊ ေငြေၾကး၊ အခ်ိန္ေတြနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လွ်င္ Over- ကုိသုံးတယ္။
Eg. He’s over 50. သူ အသက္ ငါးဆယ္ေက်ာ္ၿပီ။
-It costs over £100. ဒါ စတာလင္ေပါင္ ၁၀၀- ေက်ာ္က်တယ္။
-We waited over 2 hours. တုိ႔ ၂- နာရီေက်ာ္ေက်ာ္ ေစာင္႔ခဲ႔တယ္။




Synonyms

Action

Move / Act / Gesture / Deed / Feat
~ These are all words for a thing that sb does.

~ Action a thing that sb does:
Eg. Her quick action saved the child's life.


~ Move (used especially in journalism) an action that you do or need to do to achieve sth:
Eg. They are waiting for the results of the opinion polls before deciding their next move.


~ Act a thing that sb does:
Eg. An act of kindness



Action or Act?
~ These two words have the same meaning but are used in different patterns.


~ An act is usually followed by of and/or used with an adjective.


~ Action is not usually used with of but is often used with his, her, etc.:
Eg. A heroic act of bravery (Not,a heroic action of bravery)
-His heroic actions / acts during the war


~ Action often combines with take but act does not: (Not, We shall take whatever acts are necessary.)


~ Gesture a thing that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention:
Eg. They sent some flowers as a gesture of sympathy.


~ Deed (formal literary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad:
Eg. Heroic / evil deeds


~ Feat (approving) an action or piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage:
Eg. The tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering.


~ A(n) act / gesture / feat of sth



~ To perform a(n) action / act / deed / feat


~ To make a move / gesture


~ A heroic / brave / daring action / move / act / gesture / deed / feat


~ A kind / charitable / generous action / act / gesture / deed


~ A(n) evil / terrible action / act / deed




စကားပရိယာယ္မ်ား

Action


Move / Act / Gesture / Deed / Feat
~ These are all words for a thing that sb does.
ဒါေတြအားလုံးဟာ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ လႈပ္ရွားလုပ္ေဆာင္မႈတစ္ခုခုကုိ ေဖာ္ညႊန္းတဲ႔ ေဝါဟာရေတြျဖစ္ပါတယ္။


~ Action a thing that sb does: Action- ဆုိတာ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ အျပဳအမူ၊ လုပ္ေဆာင္မႈတစ္ခုျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. Her quick action saved the child's life. ဒီကေလးရဲ႕ အသက္ကုိ သူမရဲ႕ သြက္လက္တဲ႔ လႈပ္ရွားမႈက ကယ္လုိက္တာပါ။


~ Move (used especially in journalism) an action that you do or need to do to achieve sth: Move (အထူးသျဖင္႔ သတင္းစာ၊ စာနယ္ဇင္းတုိ႔တြင္ သုံး)- ဆုိတာ လုပ္ရေသာ (သို႔) ေအာင္ျမင္မႈတစ္ခုခုရရန္ လုပ္ဖုိ႔လုိအပ္ေသာ အလုပ္တစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. They are waiting for the results of the opinion polls before deciding their next move. သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕ ေနာက္လႈပ္ရွားလုပ္ေဆာင္မႈတစ္ခုကုိ မဆုံးျဖတ္ခင္ သူတုိ႔ဟာ လူထုသေဘာထား စစ္တမ္းနမူနာေကာက္ယူမႈ ရလဒ္ေတြကုိ ေစာင္႔ေနၾကတယ္။


~ Act a thing that sb does: Act- ဆုိတာ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ အျပဳအမူ၊လုပ္ေဆာင္မႈတစ္ခုျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
-An act of kindness = ၾကင္နာတဲ႔အျပဳအမူတစ္ခု


Action or Act?
~ These two words have the same meaning but are used in different patterns. ဒီေဝါဟာရႏွစ္ခုက အဓိပၸာယ္တူပါတယ္၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ သုံးတဲ႔ပုံစံမွာေတာ႔ ကြဲတယ္။


~ An act is usually followed by of and/or used with an adjective. Act- ရဲ႕ေနာက္က Of- လုိက္ေလ႔ရိွပါတယ္ (သို႔) သူကုိ Adj- နဲ႔တြဲ႔သုံးေလ႔ရိွပါတယ္။
-An act of kindness / [an act of sheer obstinacy / an act of genuine humility
/a gracious act of God
- A magic act / a callous act / an immoral act]


~ Action is not usually used with of but is often used with his, her, etc.: မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔ Action- ကုိ Of- နဲ႔သုံးေလ႔မရွိပါ၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ His, Her စတဲ႔ နာမ္စား ေတြနဲ႔ေတာ႔ မၾကာခဏ သုံးတတ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. A heroic act of bravery = ရဲရင္႔ သူရဲေကာင္းဆန္တဲ႔ လုပ္ရပ္
(A heroic action of bravery-လုိ႔မေရးရ)
-His heroic actions / acts during the war= စစ္အတြင္းက သူ႔ရဲ႕ သူရဲေကာင္းဆန္(ရဲရင္႔)တဲ႔ လုပ္ရပ္မ်ား


~ Action often combines with take but act does not: Action- က Take- နဲ႔တြဲ႔ေလ႔ရွိတယ္၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ Act- ကေတာ႔ တြဲ႔ေလ႔မရွိဘူး။
(We shall take whatever acts are necessary- လုိ႔ေရးေလ႔မရွိပါ။)


~ Gesture a thing that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention: Gesture- ဆုိတာ ေျပာတဲ႔ (သို႔) ထူးျခားတဲ႔ ခံစားခ်က္(သုိ႔) ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္တစ္ခုကုိ ေဖာ္ထုတ္ေျပာဆုိတဲ႔ လုပ္ရပ္တစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. They sent some flowers as a gesture of sympathy. သူတုိ႔ဟာ ထပ္တူဝမ္းနည္းေၾကကြဲေၾကာင္းေဖာ္ျပတဲ႔အေနနဲ႔ ပန္း(စည္း)မ်ား ေပးပုိ႔ၾကတယ္။


~ Deed (formal literary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad: Deed (စာေပ အခန္႔သုံး)- ဆုိတာ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ အလြန္ေကာင္း (သုိ႔)အလြန္ဆုိးတယ္လုိ႔ ေယဘုယ်ဆုိႏိုင္တဲ႔ လုပ္ရပ္တစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. Heroic / evil deeds = အလြန္ရဲရင္႔ / အလြန္ယုတ္မာဆုိးဝါးတဲ႔ လုပ္ရပ္မ်ား


~ Feat (approving) an action or piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage: Feat(ႏွစ္သက္သေဘာက်မႈျပ)-ဆုိတာ ကၽြမ္းက်င္မႈ၊ အင္အား (သို႔) သတၱိတုိ႔လုိအပ္တဲ႔ အလုပ္(လုပ္ရပ္)တစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. The tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering. ဒီဥမင္ လုိဏ္ေခါင္းကေတာ႔ တကယ္ထူးျခားေျပာင္ေျမာက္တဲ႔ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာ လက္ရာပါပဲ။


~ A(n) act / gesture / feat of sth
Eg. An act of kindness / a gesture of defiance, a gesture of goodwill /
a remarkable feat of strength


~ To perform a(n) action / act / deed / feat = အလုပ္၊ စြမ္းေဆာင္ခ်က္တစ္ခုခုကုိ လုပ္သည္။


~ To make a move / gesture =တစ္ခုခု လႈပ္ရွားေဆာင္ရြက္သည္/ လက္ဟန္ေျခဟန္ျပသည္။


~ A heroic / brave / daring action / move / act / gesture / deed / feat= သူရဲေကာင္းဆန္ / ရဲစြမ္းသတၱိရွိ၊ ရဲဝံ႔စြန္႔စားေသာ လုပ္ရပ္၊ စြမ္းေဆာင္ခ်က္တစ္ခု


~ A kind / charitable / generous action / act / gesture / deed= ၾကင္နာ၊ ရက္ေရာ၊ သေဘာထားႀကီးေသာ အျပဳအမူ၊ လုပ္ရပ္တစ္ခု


~ A(n) evil / terrible action / act / deed= အလြန္ဆုိးဝါးယုတ္မာ၊ ေၾကာက္မက္ဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ အျပဳအမူ၊ လုပ္ရပ္တစ္ခု

The Guiding Principle of Becoming The Buddha

Compassion is the guiding principle in the Dispensation of the Buddha. It was compassion that moved his heart towards the “Great renunciation” and opened for him the doors of the golden cage of his home life. It was compassion that made his determination unshakable even by the last parting glance at his beloved wife asleep with their babe in her arms. The heart-throb of an agonized and ailing humanity found a responsive echo in his own heart. The more he came in contact with the world, the more convinced he became that the world was lacking in true happiness.

The Lord of Compassion made up his mind to reveal unto a sorrow-stricken world what he had realized. Therefore, journeying from village to village, from town to town, he instructed, enlightened and gladdened the many and for forty-five years worked for the weal and happiness of mankind.

Acknowledgement --- This short but beautiful composition is taken from a Buddhist booklet called BUDDHISM A LIVING MESSAGE by Thera Piyadassi and re-written with a little bit of change.

Ashin Manita





ဘုရားျဖစ္လာရတဲ႔ ပဓာနအေၾကာင္းတရား


ကရုဏာတရားဟာ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶရဲ႕သာသနာေတာ္မွာ ပဓာနအေၾကာင္းတရားျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ထုိကရုဏာတရားကပဲ သူ႔ရဲ႕ လူ႔ေဘာင္ဘဝ ေရႊေလွာင္အိမ္တံခါးေတြကုိ ဖြင္႔ေပးခဲ႔ၿပီး မဟာစြန္႔လႊတ္မႈႀကီးဆီသုိ႔ သူ႔ရဲ႕ ႏွလုံးသားကုိ ေဆာင္က်ဥ္းေပးခဲ႔တာပါ။ ထုိကရုဏာတရားကပဲ သားငယ္ကုိ ရင္ခြင္ပုိက္ ႏွစ္ႏွစ္ၿခိဳက္ၿခိဳက္ အိပ္ေပ်ာ္ေနတဲ႔ ဇနီးခ်စ္အေပၚမွာ သူ႔ရဲ႕ ေနာက္ဆုံးခြဲခြါအၾကည္႔ကေတာင္မွ မတုန္လႈပ္ေစႏုိင္ခဲ႔တဲ႔ ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ကုိ ခ်ေစခဲ႔တာပါ။ လူတုိင္းရဲ႕အသည္းေၾကာ္ ဘုရားအေလာင္းေတာ္ဟာ ျမည္တြန္ေတာက္တီး ငုိညည္းေနၾကတဲ႔ ေလာကႀကီးထဲက ပဲ႔တင္သံတစ္ခု သူ႔ရဲ႕ႏွလုံးသားသုိ႔ ရုိက္ခတ္လာတာကုိ သူသတိျပဳမိလုိက္ပါတယ္။ သူဟာ ေလာကႀကီးနဲ႔ အထိအေတြ႔ ပုိမ်ားလာေလေလ၊ ေလာကႀကီးမွာ စစ္မွန္တဲ႔ ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္မႈ လုိအပ္ေနတာကုိ ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာ ပုိသိလာေလေလ ျဖစ္လာပါတယ္။


ကရုဏာရွင္ ဗုဒၶဟာ သူသိခဲ႔သမွ်တရားေတြကို ပူေဆြးေသာကေတြနဲ႔ ႏွိပ္စက္ခံေနရတဲ႔ ေလာကလူသားတို႔အား ထုတ္ေဖာ္ေဟာၾကားဖုိ႔ စိတ္ပုိင္းျဖတ္ေတာ္မူခဲ႔ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူဟာ တစ္ရြာမွ တစ္ရြာ၊ တစ္ၿမိဳ႕မွ တစ္ၿမိဳ႕ ခရီးလွည္႔လည္ကာ မ်ားစြာေသာ ေဝေနယ်သတၱဝါတုိ႔အား လမ္းညႊန္ျပသ၍ ညဏ္အလင္းေရာင္ကုိ ရေစ၊ ရႊင္လန္းဝမ္းေျမာက္ေစခဲ႔ၿပီး လူသားေတြရဲ႕ ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္မႈႏွင္႔ ေကာင္းက်ဳိးခ်မ္းသာအတြက္ ေလးဆယ္႔ငါးႏွစ္တုိင္တုိင္ မေနမနား အလုပ္လုပ္ေတာ္မူခဲ႔ပါတယ္။




Explanations---


@--Dispensation = (technical) religious system that operates in a country at a particular time = သာသနာ


@--It was compassion that moved his heart towards the “Great renunciation” and opened for him the doors of the golden cage of his home life.
-It is / was…… that……. Emphatic Pattern - ေလးနက္ေအာင္ ေဖာ္ျပလုိတဲ႔အခါေတြမွာ အသုံးျပဳတယ္။ Eg. It is on the internet that everything is available.


@--That made his determination unshakable even by the last parting glance.
-(1) It made his determination. (2) It was unshakable even by the last parting glance. (Adj Clause) It made his determination which was unshakable even by the last parting glance. (Adj Phrase) It made his determination unshakable even by…..


@--That made his determination unshakable even by the last parting glance at his beloved wife asleep with their babe in her arms.
-(1) His beloved wife (Not a sentence). (2) She was asleep with their babe in her arms. (Adj Clause) His beloved wife who was asleep with their babe in her arms. (Adj Phrase) His beloved wife asleep with…..


@-- Babe = (old use) = a baby


@-- The heart-throb = (used especially in newspapers) a famous man, usually an actor or a singer, that a lot of women find attractive = အသည္းေၾကာ္၊ ပ်ဳိတုိင္းႀကိဳက္တဲ႔ ႏွင္းဆီခုိင္


@--Agonized and ailing = ျမည္တြန္ေတာက္တီး ငုိညည္းေနေသာ


@--Responsive echo = တုန္႔ျပန္ပဲ႔တင္သံ


@--The more he came in contact with the world, the more convinced he became that the world was lacking in true happiness.
-The more Adj +Sentence, the more Adj +Sentence Eg. The more self-confident you are, the more successful you will be.
-The +Comparative Adj, the+Comparative Adj Eg. The earlier, the better.
-The more +Sentence, the more +Sentence Eg. The more you study, the more you know.


@--(Be) + In contact with = ထိေတြ႔ဆက္ဆံသည္။


@--Convinced = [not before noun] completely sure about sth = လုံးဝေသခ်ာေသာ ၊ ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာ


@--Lacking in = having none or not enough of sth = ဘာမွမရွိေသာ (သို႔) မလုံေလာက္ေသာ


@--Make up someone’s mind = ဆုံးျဖတ္သည္၊ စိတ္ပုိင္းျဖတ္သည္။


@--Unto = to or towards


@--Sorrow-stricken = (in compounds) seriously affected by the thing mentioned = ဖိစီးႏိွပ္စက္ခံေနရေသာ Eg. poverty-stricken families


@--The many = The + Adj = Plural Noun = လူအမ်ား


@--Weal = ေကာင္းက်ဳိးခ်မ္းသာ

A Yet Greater Disease Than The greatest Present-day Diseases!

From Jetavana Monastery the Buddha surveys the world and sees a poor man ripe for attaining stream-entry in Ālavi. So, after daybreak, he leaves for Aggālava Monastery with five hundred bhikkhus.


On hearing the arrival of the Buddha, the poor man is eager to listen to the Dhamma. Coincidentally, however, his ox is astray then. So, he thinks ,“ Shall I listen to the Teacher or search for my ox? I will first find my ox and hear the Dhamma”.


After the meal is over, the Buddha waits for the poor man to come.


As the daylight fades, he finds his ox and immediately takes it back, and ties it up. Then, he thinks, “It is too late to hear the Dhamma, but I will, at least, pay my respects to the Teacher.” Then, in spite of being extremely hungry, he decides to go directly to see the Buddha and hurries to the hall, pays obeisance to the Buddha at once, and sits down at one side.


Then the Buddha tells the steward to serve the poor man some food if there is any alms-food remaining from the monks’ meal. The steward does as the Buddha wishes.


After eating, his physical suffering is relieved, and his mind becomes calm. Very soon afterwards, he listens to a gradual discourse of the Buddha. At the end of the discourse, he attains stream-entry.


And then the Buddha offers Anumodana and leaves with the bhikkhus.


On the way some of the bhikkhus are angry and grumbles about how the Buddha did regarding the poor man, since they are not able to understand seeing such kind of behavior of the Buddha for the very first time.


Then the Buddha clarifies the controversial points to the bhikkhus in detail.


Finally, the Buddha tells the bhikkhus, “When he finally came to see me, he had not eaten at all. I knew that, if I were to teach the Dhamma while he was suffering from hunger, he would not have been able to understand it. Therefore, I asked that he be fed. There is no pain like the pain of hunger,” reciting the following verse:

Hunger is the greatest disease;
Conditioned things are the greatest suffering.
For one who understands this as it really is,
Nibbāna is the greatest bliss.

– Dhammapada Verse 203
(The Story of a Hungry Man)





မ်က္ေမွာက္ေခတ္ အဆိုးဝါးဆုံးေရာဂါေတြထက္ ပုိဆိုးတဲ႔
ေရာဂါတစ္ခု ရွိပါေသးသတဲ႔



ဗုဒၶရွင္ေတာ္ျမတ္ဟာ ေဇတဝန္ေက်ာင္းေတာ္မွ ကမၻာေလာကႀကီးကုိ ၾကည္႔ေတာ္မူလုိက္ေတာ႔ အာဠဝီျပည္က ေသာတာပတၱိမဂ္၊ဖုိလ္ ရခ်ိ္န္တန္ေနတဲ႔ ဆင္းရဲသားေယာက်္ားတစ္ေယာက္ကို ျမင္ေတာ္မူပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူဟာ နံနက္မုိးေသာက္ အလင္းေရာက္ၿပီးေနာက္ ေနာက္ပါရဟန္းေတာ္ ငါးရာႏွင္႔အတူ အဂၢါလဝ ေက်ာင္းေတာ္သုိ႔ ႂကြေတာ္မူပါတယ္။


ျမတ္စြာဘုရား ေရာက္ေတာ္မူတာကုိ ၾကားေတာ႔ ဆင္းရဲသားေယာက်္ားဟာ တရားနာလုိတဲ႔ဆႏၵ ျပင္းျပ လာပါေတာ႔တယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ႔ တုိက္ဆုိင္ခ်င္ေတာ႔ အဲဒီအခ်ိန္မွာ သူ႔႔ရဲ႕ႏြားက ေပ်ာက္ေနပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူစဥ္းစားတာက “ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ တရားေတာ္ကုိပဲ နားရမလား ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ႏြားပဲသြားရွာရမလား။ ေအး ဟုတ္ၿပီ၊ အရင္ ႏြားသြားရွာမယ္ ၿပီးမွ တရားနာမယ္” ေပါ႔။


ဆြမ္းဘုန္းေပးေတာ္မူၿပီးေတာ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ဟာ ဆင္းရဲသားေရာက္အလာကုိ ေစာင္႔ေနေတာ္မူပါတယ္။


ဆင္းရဲသားဟာ ညေနမုိးခ်ဳပ္ေတာ႔မွ ႏြားကုိေတြ႔ပါတယ္၊ ခ်က္ခ်င္းပဲ ႏြားကုိ ျပန္ဆြဲလာၿပီး ခ်ည္ထားလုိက္ပါတယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ႔ သူစဥ္းစားတာက “တရားနာဖုိ႔ေတာ႔ အရမ္းေနာက္က်သြားၿပီ၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ ဘာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ အနည္းဆုံးေတာ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကုိေတာ႔ ဖူးရတာေပါ႔”။ အဲဒီအခ်ိန္မွာ သူအရမ္းဗုိက္ဆာေနပါၿပီ၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကုိ ခ်က္ခ်င္း သြားဖူးဖုိ႔ ဆုံးျဖတ္လုိက္ၿပီး ဓမၼသာလာရွိရာသုိ႔ ေျခသုတ္တင္ ပါေတာ႔တယ္၊ ခ်က္ခ်င္း ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကုိ ရွိခုိးၿပီးေတာ႔ ေဘးတစ္ဖက္မွာ ဝင္ထုိင္လုိက္ပါတယ္။


အဲဒီအခ်ိန္မွာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္က ကပၸိယကာရက(ပစၥည္းထိန္း)ကို ရဟန္းေတြ က်န္တဲ႔ဆြမ္းထဲက အက်န္အႂကြင္းအနည္းငယ္ရွိရင္ ဆင္းရဲသားကုိ ေကၽြးလုိက္ဖုိ႔ မိန္႔ေတာ္မူလုိက္ပါတယ္။ ကပၸိယကာရကလည္း ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ဆႏၵေတာ္အတုိင္း ေကၽြးလုိက္ပါတယ္။


အစာစားၿပီးတဲ႔ေနာက္မွာေတာ႔ သူ႔ရဲ႕ ကုိယ္ခႏၶာပင္ပန္းမူ သက္သာသြားကာ စိတ္လည္း တည္ၿငိမ္လာပါတယ္။ အဲဒီေနာက္ ဆက္တုိက္ဆုိသလုိပဲ သူဟာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ တရားေဒသနာအစဥ္ကုိ နားၾကားပါတယ္။ တရားေတာ္ ၿပီးဆုံးတဲ႔အခါမွာေတာ႔ သူဟာ ေသာတာပတၱိမဂ္ဖုိလ္သုိ႔ ေရာက္ရွိသြားပါတယ္။

ဒီေနာက္မွာေတာ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ဟာ အႏုေမာဒနာတရား ေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူၿပီး ရဟန္းေတြနဲ႔အတူ ျပန္ႂကြေတာ္မူပါတယ္။


ျပန္ႂကြရာ လမ္းခရီးမွာ ရဟန္းအခ်ဳိ႕ဟာ ဆင္းရဲသားအေပၚမွာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ ျပဳမူခဲ႔ပုံနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လုိ႔ မေက်မနပ္ျဖစ္ကာ တီးတုိးေျပာဆိုၾကပါတယ္၊ ဘာေၾကာင္႔လဲဆုိေတာ႔ ပထမဆုံးအႀကိမ္ေတြ႔လုိက္ရတဲ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ ဒီလုိအျပဳအမူမ်ဳိးကုိ သူတုိ႔ နားမလည္ႏုိင္ၾကေသာေၾကာင္႔ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။


ထုိအခါ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ဟာ အခ်ဳိ႕ရဟန္းေတြအတြက္ မရွင္းမလင္းျဖစ္ေနတဲ႔ အခ်က္ေတြကို ရွင္းလင္းေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူပါတယ္။


ေနာက္ဆုံးမွာေတာ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ဟာ ရဟန္းေတြကုိ “ေနာက္ဆုံး ငါဘုရားရွင္ကုိ ဖူးေျမာ္ဖုိ႔ လာတဲ႔အခ်ိန္မွာ ဆင္းရဲသားဟာ ဘာမွမစားခဲ႔ရေသးဘူး။ ဆာေလာင္မူဒဏ္ကို ျပင္းထန္စြာ ခံစားေနရခ်ိန္မွာ ငါဘုရား သူ႔ကုိ တရားေဟာရင္လည္း သူ တရားကုိ သေဘာေပါက္ နားလည္ႏုိင္မွာမဟုတ္ဘူး ဆုိတာ ငါဘုရား သိေတာ္မူတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူ႔ကို ေကၽြးေမြးဖုိ႔ ငါဘုရား မိန္႔ေတာ္မူျခင္း ျဖစ္တယ္။ ဆာေလာင္ျခင္းနဲ႔တူတဲဲ႔ ဒုကၡေဝဒနာဆုိတာ မရွိ။” လုိ႔ ေအာက္ပါဂါထာကို ရြတ္ဆုိ၍ ေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူပါတယ္။


ဆာေလာင္ျခင္းဟာ အဆိုးဝါးဆုံး ေရာဂါျဖစ္တယ္။
အေၾကာင္းတရားတုိ႔ ေပါင္းစပ္ျဖစ္ေပၚလာေသာ သခါၤရတရားတုိ႔္ဟာ အႀကီးမားဆုံး ဒုကၡျဖစ္တယ္။
ျဖစ္ပ်က္သမွ်သခါၤရေတြကုိ ယထာဘူတညဏ္ျဖင္႔ အမွန္အတုိင္း သိသူအတြက္ နိဗၺာန္ဟာ အလြန္ျမတ္ဆုံးခ်မ္းသာ ျဖစ္တယ္။

- ဓမၼပဒ ၂၀၃
- ဆာေလာင္ေနတဲ႔ ေယာက်္ားတစ္ေယာက္ ဝတၳဳ


Explanations ---


မွတ္ခ်က္ ---- ဒီ Story - မွာ ဝတၳဳေၾကာင္း ျပန္ေျပာတဲ႔အပိုင္းတြင္ Simple Present Tense - ရုိးရုိးပစၥဳပၸန္ကာလကုိ သုံးထားပါတယ္။ Simple Present Tense - ကုိ “Story-telling-tense - ဇာတ္လမ္း ၊ ပုံျပင္ ေျပာရာတြင္ အမ်ားဆုံး သုံးၾကတဲ႔ ကာလ” လုိ႔ ေခၚၾကတယ္။



@--Ripe (for Something)=ready or suitable for sth to happen=အခ်ိန္တန္(က်ေရာက္)ေနေသာ၊ အသင္႔ျဖစ္ေသာ
-The Buddha sees a poor man who is ripe for…. ဆုိတဲ႔ Adj Clause-ကို Wh-ႏွင္႔ Verb be-ကုိ ျဖဳတ္၍ Adj Phrase - ေျပာင္းေရးထားတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။


@-- Stream-entry= ေသာတၱိမဂ္၊ဖုိလ္


@--Daybreak=Dawn=the time of day when light first appears=အာရုံတက္၊ နံနက္မုိးေသာက္


@--Leave for=တစ္ေနရာရာသုိ႔ ထြက္ခြာသည္။


@--On hearing = ၾကားတဲ႔အခါ
On+Ving = When


@--Eager to V1=Keen= Very interested and excited=အလြန္စိတ္အားထက္သန္ေသာ


@--Coincidentally=တိုက္တုိက္ဆုိင္ဆုိင္ ၊ တုိက္ဆုိင္ခ်င္ေတာ႔


@--Astray =Away from the correct path or direction = ေပ်ာက္ေနဆဲ၊ လြတ္ေနဆဲ


@--The Teacher = The Buddha


@--Verb Be+over=ၿပီးဆုံးသည္၊ ေက်ာ္လြန္သည္။


@--To come= လာမည္႔
ေရွ႕မွာ Noun - ရွိရင္ To V1-ေတြကုိ ….မည္႔ ဆုိတဲ႔ အနာဂတ္အဓိပၸာယ္ျဖင္႔ ယူေလ႔ရွိတယ္။


@--Too late to hear the Dhamma=တရားနာဖုိ႔ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ ေနာက္က်ေနသည္။
-Too Adj to V1=မေလာက္ေအာင္……ပါသည္။ Eg. Too numerous to mention=ေဖာ္ျပ၍ မရႏုိင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ မ်ားပါသည္။ Too busy to talk=စကားမေျပာႏုိင္ေလာက္ အလုပ္မ်ားေနပါသည္။


@--At least=(ဘာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္) အနည္းဆုံးေတာ႔


@--Pay someone’s respects=အရုိအေသေပးသည္။

@--In spite of Noun/ Ving=ေသာ္ျငားလည္း၊ လင္႔ကစား၊ ေပမဲ႔


@--Pay obeisance= အရုိအေသေပးသည္။


@--At once=Immediately=ခ်က္ခ်င္း ၊မဆုိင္းမတြ


@--If there is any alms-food remaining
(1)If there is any alms-food. (2) It remains.
(Adj Clause) If there is any alms-food that remains. (Present Participle Adj Phrase)If there is any alms-food remaining. Eg. There were only ten minutes remaining.


@--The steward does as the Buddha wishes.
-The steward serves as the Buddha wishes.


@--Very soon afterwards = ဒါၿပီးေနာက္ သိပ္မၾကာခင္မွာ


@--At the end of Noun=အျဖစ္အပ်က္ တစ္ခုခုရဲ႕ အဆုံးမွာ၊ At the end -ကုိ သုံးတဲ႔အခါ Of - နဲ႔တြဲၿပီး ေနာက္မွာ Noun- တစ္ခုခုရွိတယ္။
-In the end = အဆုံးတြင္(မွာ)၊ Of - နဲ႔ Noun - မပါပါ။


@--Grumble (about / at sb/sth) = to complain about sb/sth in a bad-tempered way=အျပစ္တင္သည္။


@--About how the Buddha did = ျမတ္စြာဘုရား ျပဳမူခဲ႔ပုံနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္၍


@--Since = because


@--For the (very) first time = ပထမဆုံးအႀကိမ္အျဖစ္(အေနနဲ႔)


@--Controversial points = အျငင္းပြားစရာအခ်က္မ်ား၊ အျငင္းပြားဖြယ္ရာမ်ား


@--In detail = အေသးစိတ္၊ ခေရေစ႔တြင္းက်


@--At all = လုံးဝ၊ ဘာဆုိဘာမွ၊ At all-ကုိ Negative Sentence - မဟုတ္ဝါက်ေတြမွာ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔ သုံးတယ္။


@--If I were = ဒီပုံစံကုိ ျဖစ္ခဲ႔ၿပီးတာကုိ မျဖစ္ခဲ႔သလုိ၊ လုံးဝ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္တဲ႔အရာေတြကုိ စိတ္ကူးယဥ္ၿပီးေျပာတဲ႔အခါမ်ဳိးေတြမွာ သုံးေလ႔ရွိတယ္။
-တကယ္ေတာ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရား တရားေဟာေတာ္မူတဲ႔အခ်ိန္မွာ ဆင္းရဲသားဟာ ဆာေလာင္ျခင္းမရွိေတာ႔သလုိ တရားကုိလည္း နားလည္ႏုိင္ခဲ႔တယ္။
-If I were a bird, I would fly to you so often. (စိတ္ကူးယဥ္သက္သက္ပုံစံ)


@--I asked that he be fed=
-Note – Ask, Advise, Suggest တို႔ရဲ႕ အသုံးအႏႈန္းေတြဟာ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံမွာ အျခားႀကိယာေတြ သုံးပုံနဲ႔ မတူတာကုိ ေတြ႔ရတယ္။
-အထက္ဝါက်တြင္ I asked (the steward) to feed him (the poor man)- လုိ႔မေရးဘဲ I asked that he be fed. လုိ႔ေရးတယ္၊ Passive Voice- ျဖစ္လုိ႔ be -ထည္႔ေရးတယ္၊(ဒီဝါက်မွာ he is - လို႔ မသုံးရ၊ be - ကိုပဲသုံးရမယ္)
Eg. They advise that a passport be carried with you at all times. (ဒီဝါက်မွာ a passport is - လို႔ မသုံးရ၊ be - ကိုပဲသုံးရမယ္)
They advise you to carry a passport with you at all times. လုိ႔လည္း ေရးႏုိင္သည္။
Eg. He suggested that we go for a drink. ( ဒါေပမဲ႔ He suggested us to go -လုိ႔ မေရးရလုိ႔ ဆုိပါတယ္။)


@--Like (Prepo)=….ႏွင္႔တူေသာ


@--As it really is = (ယထာဘူတညဏ္ျဖင္႔) အမွန္ကုိ အမွန္အတုိင္း

Visak, why is it so called? Visak --- ဘာေၾကာင္႔ ဒီလုိေခၚၾကတာလဲ

On this very same full-moon day of the month of Vesākha (May), 2633 years ago, Siddhaṭṭha Bodhisatta was born in the Lumbini Park near Kapilavatthu ; 2598 years ago, He became a Fully Enlightened One at the age of 35 under the Bodhi Tree at Buddha-Gaya ; 2553 years ago, He passed away at the age of 80 at Kusinārā.

In fact, for Buddhists, “Visak” is of great significance for the above-mentioned three events of the Buddha; among those three too, the Enlightenment of the Buddha was the most important and significant event, since it did bring the light and freedom to the world, for this reason, He is called “The Bringer of Light and Freedom”. Accordingly indeed, His arising in this world was, is, and will be for the good, welfare and happiness of the multitude, for gods and men, and even for animals and beings in the lowest realms. It was on this very full-moon Day of Visak that it all started in this world and that the triumph of the Buddha Himself and the world alike took place.

In reality, Visak is an adapted word for "Vesākha", which is a Pali month name. The month of "Vesākha" is called “Ka Sone La” in Myanmar, and usually coincides with May. This is the reason why it is so called Visak. Now the word "Visak" has become an international term, noted even on the United Nations calendar.

On this Visak Day, it is a common tradition for Buddhists all over the world to pour fragrant and pure water at the Bodhi Trees at the pagoda platforms or temples in commemoration of the Buddha or as a mark of honoring the Buddha, remembering His unique virtues and match-less qualities. In addition, Mahā Paritta, Paṭṭhāna and some Suttas (Discourses) are either individually or in groups chanted together with observing precepts, teaching and listening to the Dhamma, cultivating loving-kindness and practicing meditation. In this way, on this full-moon Day of Visak, the followers of the Buddha all over the world spend their time rightly and wisely. It is on this very Visak-full-moon Day that the hearts of Buddhists are truly imbued with merit and virtues. What a precious and marvelous Day for Buddhists!


May You Do Good and Be At Peace on this Visak!





Visak --- ဘာေၾကာင္႔ ဒီလုိေခၚၾကတာလဲ




၂၆၃၄-ႏွစ္အလြန္ ေဝသာခ(ေမ)လရဲ႕ ဒီလျပည္႔ေန႔မွာပဲ ဘုရားအေလာင္း သိဒၶတၳမင္းသားကုိ ကပိလဝတၳဳ ေရႊၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္အနီး လုမၺိနီအင္က်င္းဥယ်ာဥ္မွာ မီးရွဴးသန္႔စဥ္ ဖြားျမင္ေတာ္မူခဲ႔ၿပီး၊ ၂၅၉၉-ႏွစ္အလြန္ ဒီလျပည္႔ေန႔မွာပဲ သူဟာ အသက္ ၃၅-ႏွစ္အရြယ္ ဗုဒၶဂယာ မဟာေဗာဓိေရႊေညာင္ပင္ေအာက္မွာ သဗၺညဳတညဏ္ေတာ္ရွင္ ဗုဒၶအျဖစ္သုိ႔ ေရာက္ရွိခဲ႔ကာ၊ ၂၅၅၄-ႏွစ္အလြန္ ဒီလျပည္႔ေန႔မွာပဲ သူဟာ သက္ေတာ္ ၈၀-အရြယ္ ကုသႎနာရုံအင္က်င္းေတာမွာ ပရိနိဗၺာန္ ဝင္စံေတာ္မူခဲ႔ပါတယ္။

အမွန္တကယ္ေတာ႔ “Visak”ေန႔ ဟာ အထက္ေဖာ္ျပပါ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ႏွင္႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ႔ အျဖစ္အပ်က္သုံးခုေၾကာင္႔ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြအတြက္ အလြန္အေရးပါတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္၊ ထုိသုံးခုထဲမွာလည္း ဗုဒၶရွင္ေတာ္ျမတ္ရဲ႕ သဗၺညဳတေရႊညဏ္ေတာ္ကုိ ရရွိေတာ္မူျခင္းကေတာ႔ အေရးပါအရာေရာက္ဆုံး အျဖစ္အပ်က္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္၊ အေၾကာင္းကေတာ႔ ဒီအျဖစ္အပ်က္က ညဏ္ပညာႏွင္႔ အလင္းေရာင္ကုိ ဤကမၻာေလာကသုိ႔ ေဆာင္က်ဥ္းေပးခဲ႔တဲ႔အတြက္ေၾကာင္႔ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္၊ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူ႔ကုိ “ညဏ္ပညာႏွင္႔ အလင္းေရာင္ကုိ ေဆာင္ယူလာသူ”လုိ႔ ေခၚေဝၚေျပာဆုိတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ အဲဒီလုိ ေခၚေဝၚသည္႔အားေလွ်ာ္စြာ ဤကမၻာေလာကမွာ သူပြင္႔ထြန္းေပၚေပါက္လာျခင္းဟာ မ်ားျပားလွစြာေသာ လူ၊ နတ္၊ ျဗဟၼာတုိ႔ရဲ႕ ေကာင္းက်ဳိးခ်မ္းသာအတြက္သာမက တိရစၦာန္ေတြ၊ အနိမ္႔က်ဆုံးဘုံဘဝေတြမွာ ျဖစ္ၾကရတဲ႔ သတၱဝါေတြရဲ႕ ေကာင္းက်ဳိးခ်မ္းသာအတြက္လည္းပဲ ျဖစ္ခဲ႔၊ ျဖစ္ဆဲ၊ ျဖစ္ေနပါလိမ္႔ဦးမယ္။ ဤကဲ႔သို႔ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ကုိယ္ေတာ္အတြက္သာမက ဤကမၻာေလာကႀကီးအတြက္လည္း ျဖစ္ခဲ႔ေသာ ထိုေအာင္ပြဲႏွင္႔ ဤကမၻာမွာ ေကာင္းက်ဳိးခ်မ္းသာေတြ စတင္ျဖစ္ေပၚခဲ႔တာဟာ ဒီကဆုန္လျပည္႔ ဗုဒၶ(Visak)ေန႔ မွာပါ။

တကယ္ေတာ႔ Visak - ဆုိတာ ပါဠိလနာမည္တစ္ခုျဖစ္တဲ႔ “ေဝသာခ”ကေန ေမြးစားယူထားတဲ႔ စကားလုံးတစ္လုံးျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ထုိ “ေဝသာခ”လကို ျမန္မာလုိ “ကဆုန္လ”လုိ႔ ေခၚၾကၿပီး မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔ ေမလ ႏွင္႔ တုိက္ဆုိင္ က်ေရာက္ေလ႔ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါကေတာ႔ “Visak” လုိ႔ ေခၚရတဲ႔ အေၾကာင္းပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အခုေတာ႔ ဒီ “Visak” ဆုိတဲ႔ စကားလုံးဟာ ႏုိင္ငံတကာသုံး ေဝါဟာရတစ္ခုျဖစ္လာသလုိ ကမၻာ႔ကုလသမဂၢျပကၡဒိန္မွာလည္း ထည္႔သြင္းသတ္မွတ္ထားၿပီျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ထုိ ကဆုန္လျပည္႔ဗုဒၶ(Visak)ေန႔႔မွာ ကမၻာတစ္ဝွမ္းရွိ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြ လုပ္ေလ႔ရွိတဲ႔ အစဥ္အလာတစ္ခုကေတာ႔ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ကုိ ေအာက္ေမ႔သတိရျခင္းအထိမ္းအမွတ္ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ အတုမရွိ၊ အႏႈိင္းမဲ႔ဂုဏ္ေတာ္ေတြကုိ ဆင္ျခင္ေအာက္ေမ႔သတိရဂုဏ္ျပဳပူေဇာ္ျခင္း အမွတ္အသားတစ္ခုအေနျဖင္႔ ဘုရား၊ေစတီရင္ျပင္ေတာ္ႏွင္႔ ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းေတြမွာရွိတဲ႔ ေဗာဓိပင္ေတြကုိ အေမႊးနံ႔သာေရျဖင္႔ သြန္းေလာင္းပူေဇာ္ၾကျခင္းပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါ႔အျပင္ သီလခံယူေဆာက္တည္ျခင္း၊ တရားေဒသနာေတာ္မ်ား ေဟာၾကား နားယူျခင္း၊ ေမတၱာဘာဝနာပြားမ်ားျခင္း၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းတရား ပြားမ်ားအားထုတ္ျခင္းေတြနဲ႔အတူ ပရိတ္၊ပ႒ာန္းႏွင္႔ သုတၱန္ေဒသနာေတာ္မ်ားကို တစ္ဦးခ်င္းျဖစ္ေစ၊ အစုအဖြဲ႔လုိက္ျဖစ္ေစ ရြတ္ဆုိပူေဇာ္တတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ ဤနည္းအားျဖင္႔ ကမၻာတစ္ဝွမ္းရွိ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြဟာ ကဆုန္လျပည္႔ ဗုဒၶ(Visak)ေန႔မွာ သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕အခ်ိန္ေတြကုိ အေျမာ္အျမင္ရွိွရွိ မွန္မွန္ကန္ကန္ ကုန္လြန္ေစတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ ဒီကဆုန္လျပည္႔ ဗုဒၶ(Visak)ေန႔မွာဆုိရင္ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ ႏွလုံးသားေတြဟာ ဒါန၊သီလဂုဏ္ေတြနဲ႔ တကယ္႔ကုိ ျပည္႔ေနၾကပါတယ္။ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြအတြက္ေတာ႔ တကယ္႔ကုိ တန္ဖုိးရွိတဲ႔ ေန႔ထူူးေန႔ျမတ္ပါပဲ!

ဒီကဆုန္လျပည္႔ ဗုဒၶေန႔မွာ ေကာင္းတာေတြကုိ ျပဳလုပ္ႏုိင္ၿပီး ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းႏုိင္ၾကပါေစ!

Explanations---

@--Visak, why is it so called?
-တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ ဤသို႔ထြင္ေရးတတ္ၾကတယ္။ Eg. English, why should we learn it? John, this is my name.
-so-called+Noun နဲ႔ so called(Verb-3)-လုိ႔ ႏွစ္မ်ဳိးရွိတယ္။
So-called+N-သည္ “အမည္ခံသက္သက္၊…..ဟုေခၚ(ဆုိ)ေသာ” လုိ႔ အဓိပၸာယ္ႏွစ္မ်ဳိးထြက္တယ္။ Eg. A so-called university=အမည္ခံသက္သက္ တကၠသုိလ္ (တကၠသိုလ္ရဲ႕ အရည္အခ်င္း၊ အဂၤါလကၡဏာေတြနဲ႔ ညီညႊတ္မႈ မရွိတဲ႔ တကၠသိုလ္ဟု ဆုိလုိတယ္)၊ A so-called expert; So-called special offers
So called(V3)-ကေတာ႔ “ဤသို႔ေခၚ” ဆုိတဲ႔ အဓိပၸာယ္အတုိင္း ေရွ႕မွာ so called - ျပန္ညႊန္းတဲ႔အရာတစ္ခုခု အၿမဲရွိတယ္။ Eg. Visak, why is it so called? Mr. Know-all, he is so called. မစၥတာ လူတတ္ႀကီး, သူ႔ကုိ ဒီလုိပဲ ေခၚၾကတယ္။ Know-all= ေနရာတကာ “လူတတ္ႀကီး” လုပ္တတ္သူ

@-- On this very same full-moon day
-This very same +Noun = ထို ၊ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ This very+N ၊ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ The same+N နဲ႔သုံးတတ္တယ္။ Eg. In this very article, The same book

@-- A Fully Enlightened One= သဗၺညဳတေရႊညဏ္ေတာ္ရွင္ (ဗုဒၶ)

@-- At the age of (35/40/50) = … အရြယ္မွာ

@--Pass away= ကြယ္လြန္၊ အနိစၥေရာက္သည္။

@--- Of great significance =very significant Eg. Of great use=very useful

@-- Above-mentioned =အထက္မွာ ရွင္းလင္းေဖာ္ျပထားေသာ

@--Since = Because

@--Did bring = အတိတ္ကာလကို ေလးနက္ေအာင္ေရးသည္။ ပစၥဳပၸန္ကာလ s, es- ထည္႔ရေသာ Verb - ေတြဆုိရင္ He does bring(He brings) - ျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ s, es- မထည္႔ရေသာ Verb - ေတြဆုိရင္ They do bring (They bring)- ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

@-- For this reason = ဒီအေၾကာင္းေၾကာင္႔

@-- Accordingly indeed = ….ႏွင္႔(တကယ္႔ကုိ)ေလွ်ာ္ညီစြာ

@-- Multitude (of) Noun= A large number of people = လူအမ်ားအျပား

@-- It was on this very full-moon Day of Visak that it all started in this world and that the triumph…… took place.
-It is / was…… that……. Emphatic Pattern - ေလးနက္ေအာင္ ေဖာ္ျပလုိတဲ႔အခါေတြမွာ အသုံးျပဳတယ္။ Eg. It is on the internet that everything is available.

@-- Triumph = Great victory = ႀကီးႀကီးမားမား ေအာင္ျမင္မႈ

@--Take place = Happen = ျဖစ္(ပ်က္)သည္

@-- Adapted = ေမြးစားယူထားေသာ

@--Coincide with=(of two or more events)take place at the same time=တုိက္ဆုိင္ႀကဳံႀကိဳက္သည္

@-- Common tradition= လူအမ်ားစု လုပ္ေလ႔ရွိတဲ႔ ဓေလ႔ထုံးစံ

@--In commemoration of(Somebody)=ေအာက္ေမ႔သတိရျခင္း အထိမ္းအမွတ္အေနျဖင္႔

@-- As a mark of =အမွတ္အသားတစ္ခုအေနျဖင္႔

@--Unique=being the only one of its kind=အတုမရွိေသာ
-Match-less=Incomparable=ၿပိဳင္ဘက္ကင္းေသာ

@--Either …..or = တစ္ခုမဟုတ္တစ္ခု Eg. You can either take it or leave it.

@--Rightly and wisely=မွန္မွန္ကန္ကန္ အေျမာ္အျမင္ရွိရွိ

@--Imbued with=full of=ျပည္႔ေနေသာ

@--What a precious and marvelous Day for the Buddhists!
-What a/an Adj+Noun! Eg. What a beautiful flower! What an ugly dog!

@-- At Peace=Peaceful= ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာယာေသာ

Short-Cut-English (အဂၤလိပ္စာ အတိုအထြာ)

Dear Friends,

May Your English Be A Great Asset To Your Success!!!


Short-Cut-English!

First and foremost, let me explain the reason why I took this name. As you closely observe this Short-Cut-English, you will surely notice that it is only a combination of words, phrases and clauses, which does not have a main verb, and that the usages in this Short-Cut-English could be generally used in a really short but truly effective way. This is the very reason why I named it Short-Cut-English.


Secondly, I arranged this Short-Cut-English, based on one hundred English movies, dictionaries and my own reading-experiences. I am quite sure that you might have already known some of them in here, perhaps, even almost all of them, if so, my best advice to you is “Do not hesitate to skip them!”, but please make yourself quite sure whether or not you have really known them and you have surely had a good command of them already, for, you see, sometimes just to know of a usage is of no use for a practical application, really! As for me, honestly and frankly, I myself have most of them only at my command, not all of them.



Dear friends, my simply sincere hope is that this little endeavor of my own would certainly be just a tiny part for the improvement of your English, to some extent! Or a little bit!

Great Success In Your English Study!
Truly Yours,
A Shin Manita






Short-Cut-English (အဂၤလိပ္စာ အတိုအထြာ)


Better left unsaid / unexplained / unhoped
မေျပာ / မရွင္းျပ / မေမွ်ာ္လင္႔ဘဲထားတာ ပိုေကာင္းပါတယ္။

Nine times out of ten;
Ninety-nine times out of a hundred
ဆယ္ႀကိမ္မွာ ကုိးႀကိမ္၊ အႀကိမ္တစ္ရာမွာ ကုိးဆယ္႔ကုိးႀကိမ္

No time like the present
လက္ရွိအခ်ိန္ထက္ ေကာင္းတဲ႔အခ်ိန္မရွိ။

Given an opportunity / a chance / circumstance,
အခြင္႔အေရး / အေျခအေန သာေပး(ရ)ရင္

Given half a chance,
အခြင္႔အေရးတစ္ဝက္ေလာက္သာ ေပး(ရ)ရင္

(Only) a drop in the ocean / bucket
မဆုိစေလာက္ပါ၊ မေျပာပေလာက္ပါ

If in doubt,
သံသယရွိ(နဲ႔ဆုိ)ရင္

In appreciation of all you've done for us,
ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔အတြက္ ခင္မ်ားတုိ႔အားလုံး လုပ္ေပးခဲ႔တာေတြနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လုိ႔ အသိအမွတ္ျပဳတဲ႔အေနနဲ႔ (ေျပာရရင္)

From every angle; In all its aspects,
ရႈေထာင္႔မ်ဳိးစုံမွ (ေျပာရရင္)

No two ways about that
ေရြးစရာမရွိ

No two
ၿပိဳင္ဘက္မရွိ

On the horns of a dilemma
ဆူးၾကားက ဗူးခါးလုိ၊ ေရွ႕မတုိး ေနာက္မဆုတ္သာ အေျခအေနမွာ

Much better today
ဒီေန႔ အမ်ားႀကီး ပုိေကာင္း(တုိးတက္)လာပါတယ္

From all walks of life; At all levels of society
အလႊာမ်ဳိးစုံမွ၊ လူ႔အဖြဲ႔အစည္း အဆင္႔အတန္းမ်ဳိးစုံမွာ

In a puddle of blood / sweat / tear
ေသြး/ ေခၽြး / မ်က္ရည္ဗြက္ထဲမွာ

Sleepless nights and endless tears / sorrow / reminiscence / remembrance
အိပ္မရတဲ႔ ညေတြ ႏွင္႔ အဆုံးမရွိတဲ႔ မ်က္ရည္ / ေသာက / အတိတ္ကို္ လြမ္းဆြတ္ျခင္း / ေအာက္ေမ႔သတိရျခင္းေတြ

So much that we still don't know / understand / learn
ကၽြႏ္ုပ္တုိ႔ မသိ / နားမလည္ / မသင္ယူရေသးတဲဲ႔အရာေတြ အမ်ား(တစ္ပုံ)ႀကီး(ရွိေသးတယ္)

With complete confidence / self-confidence
ယုံၾကည္မႈ / ကုိယ္႔ကုိယ္ကုိ ယံုၾကည္မႈ အျပည္႔နဲ႔

As the case may be,
ကိစၥအားေလွ်ာ္စြာ (သို႔) ကိစၥရွိရင္ရွိသလုိ

A man / thing beyond / without compare
အႏွုိင္းမဲ႔ လူတစ္ေယာက္ / အရာတစ္ခု

In the hope of the improvement of my English /
betterment of my life / winning her love
ကၽြႏ္ုပ္ရဲ႕ အဂၤလိပ္စာ တုိးတက္ဖုိ႔ / ဘဝ ပုိမုိေကာင္းမြန္လာဖုိ႔ / သူမရဲ႕ ႏွလုံးသားကုိ ရယူပုိင္ဆိုင္ဖုိ႔ ေမွ်ာ္လင္႔ခ်က္နဲ႔(ျဖင္႔)

With the help of my teacher / dictionaries
ကၽြႏု္ပ္ရဲ႕ ဆရာ / အဘိဓာန္မ်ား အကူအညီနဲ႔

Bloody / bleeding love/money
ေသြးစြန္းေနတဲ႔ အခ်စ္ / ေငြ

The blood-/ love-thirsty boy / girl / man / lady
ေသြး / ေမတၱာ ငတ္မြတ္ ဆာေလာင္ေနတဲ႔ ေကာင္ / ေကာင္မေလး / သူ / အမ်ဳိးသမီး

However much you try / pay / say,
ခင္မ်ား ဘယ္ေလာက္ပဲ ႀကိဳးစားႀကိဳးစား / ေပးေပး / ေျပာေျပာ

Just about now; By now; At this time,
အခုအခ်ိန္(ေလာက္ဆုိရင္) မွာ

Rest assured!
စိတ္ခ်ပါ!

By accident; Accidentally; By chance;
By sheer chance
မေတာ္တဆ၊ အမွတ္တမဲ႔

A man / woman of the world
အေတြ႔အႀကဳံရင္႔က်က္တဲ႔ သူ / အမ်ဳိးသမီး

By a nose; By inches
ႏွာတစ္ဖ်ားေလာက္နဲ႔(ျဖင္႔) ၊ ပြတ္ကာတည္ကာနဲ႔ (ျဖင္႔)

Time to start / rest / leave / get busy
စတင္ / အနားယူ / ထြက္ခြါ / အလုပ္မ်ားဖုိ႔ အခ်ိန္ပဲ

No time to explain / waste / talk
ရွင္းျပ / ျဖဳန္းတီး / စကားေျပာဖုိ႔ အခ်ိန္မဟုတ္(မရွိ)

No time for apology /explanation / chit-chat
ေတာင္းပန္ / ရွင္းျပ / စကားစျမည္ေျပာဖို႔ အခ်ိန္မဟုတ္(မရွိ)

Time for (you) to go home / go to bed / stop it
မင္႔အတြက္ အိမ္ျပန္ / အိပ္ယာဝင္ / ဒါကုိ ရပ္ဖုိ႔ အခ်ိန္ပဲ

Just after lunch / work / 12 o' clock
ေန႔လည္စာ စား / အလုပ္ / ၁၂-နာရီထုိး ၿပီးၿပီးခ်င္း

Just before lunch / work / 12 o' clock
ေန႔လည္စာ မစား / အလုပ္မလုပ္ / ၁၂-နာရီ မထုိးခင္ေလး

Out of my sight!
ထြက္သြားစမ္း (ငါ႔ ကြယ္ရာတြင္)

Out of sight, out of mind
ကြယ္ေမ႔ (ေတြ႔ေသေအာင္လြမ္း)၊ တစ္ခ်ဳံကြယ္ တစ္မယ္ေမ႔ (ေတြ႔ေသေအာင္လြမ္း)

Beyond doubt
အေသအခ်ာ၊ သံသယကင္းရွင္းေအာင္(စြာ)

Just in a second; In a minute; In a while
တခဏခ်င္း၊ ခဏေလးအတြင္းမွာ

Bit by bit; Step by step; Inch by inch;
Little by little
ေျဖးေျဖးခ်င္း၊ နည္းနည္းစီ၊တေရြ႕ေရြ႕

A Letter to Peradeniya University Main Librarian

Sri Subodharama Buddhist Centre

Sri Subodharama Road, Peradeniya
January 11, 2010

Librarian
Main Library
University of Peradeniya,
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka


Dear Sir,

I am currently enrolled in Pali and Buddhist Studies Department. My Registration Number is: HD/MA/08/09/029. This month, I am involved in organizing The Second Annual Intensive English Course of Buddhist Relief Mission. For this course, classes will be held January 11 ~ 25 at Buddhist Publication Society in Kandy. The students will be thirty three Burmese monks and ten Sri Lankan monks. As part of this program, I would like to guide the students around Peradeniya University Campus in the afternoon of January 14. I would also like to introduce them to the Main Library. Therefore, I humbly request your permission for us to visit the library from 1 to 3 PM on that day. During this time, the students would like to use the resources of the library to find information as a class exercise.

For your information, I have enclosed the announcement of this course, which is offered free of charge to the students. The teachers are also offering their instructions completely voluntarily.

Thank you very much for your kind consideration of this request.

Sincerely Yours,

Ven. Manita
Burmese Monk




သီရိ သုေဗာဓာရာမ ဗုဒၶဘာသာစင္တာ
သီရိ သုေဗာဓာရာမလမ္း၊ ေပရာေဒနိယ
ဇန္နဝါရီ ၁၁၊ ၂၀၁၀


စာၾကည္႔တုိက္မွဴး
ပင္မစာၾကည္႔တုိက္
ေပရာေဒနိယ တကၠသုိလ္
ေပရာေဒနိယ၊ သီရိလကၤာႏုိင္ငံ



ေလးစားရပါေသာ လူႀကီးမင္းခင္မ်ား -

အခုအခ်ိန္မွာ ကၽြႏ္ုပ္ဟာ ပါဠိႏွင္႔ ဗုဒၶဘာသာေလ႔လာေရး ဌာနတြင္ စာရင္းသြင္းထားၿပီးျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ကၽြႏု္ပ္ရဲ႕ ေက်ာင္းသားမွတ္ပုံတင္ နံပါတ္ကေတာ႔ HD/MA/08/09/029 ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီလမွာ ကၽြႏု္ပ္ဟာ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ သက္သာေခ်ာင္ခ်ိေရး သာသနာျပဳအဖြဲ႔ရဲ႕ ႏွစ္စဥ္က်င္းပၿမဲျဖစ္တဲ႔ ဒုတိယအႀကိမ္ေျမာက္ အဂၤလိပ္စာ မြမ္းမံသင္တန္း အစီအစဥ္တြင္ ပါဝင္လုပ္ေဆာင္ေနပါတယ္။ သင္တန္းေတြကို ကႏၵီ Buddhist Publication Society (BPS) မွာ ဇန္နဝါရီလ ၁၁-ရက္ မွ ၂၅- ရက္ေန႔အထိ ျပဳလုပ္က်င္းပမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ေက်ာင္းသားေတြကေတာ႔ ျမန္မာရဟန္းေတာ္ ၃၃-ပါးႏွင္႔ သီရိလကၤာရဟန္းေတာ္ ၁၀-ပါး ျဖစ္ပါလိမ္႔မယ္။ ဒီသင္တန္းရဲ႕ အစိတ္အပုိင္းတစ္ရပ္အေနျဖင္႔ ကၽြႏု္ပ္ဟာ ေက်ာင္းသားေတြကုိ ဇန္နဝါရီလ ၁၄-ရက္ေန႔ ေန႔လည္မွာ ေပရာေဒနိယ တကၠသုိလ္အတြင္း လွည္႔လည္ ျပသခ်င္ပါတယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ႔ ေပရာေဒနိယ တကၠသုိလ္ ပင္မစာၾကည္႔တုိက္ကုိလည္း မိတ္ဆက္ျပခ်င္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ ထုိေန႔ ေန႔လည္ ၁-နာရီမွ ၃-နာရီအထိ စာၾကည္႔တုိက္ကုိ ဝင္ေရာက္လည္ပတ္ခြင္႔ေပးဖုိ႔ ကၽြႏ္ုပ္ အႏူးအညႊတ္ ေတာင္းပန္ပါတယ္။ ထုိလည္ပတ္စဥ္အတြင္း ေက်ာင္းသားေတြဟာ သင္တန္းေလ႔က်င္႔ခန္းတစ္ခုအေနျဖင္႔ အခ်က္အလက္ရွာေဖြဖုိ႔ စာၾကည္႔တုိက္ရဲ႕ စာအုပ္ စာေပအကုိးအကားေတြကုိ အသုံးျပဳခ်င္ပါတယ္။


ဒီေက်ာင္းသားေတြအား အခမဲ႔ပညာေပးတဲ႔ ဒီသင္တန္းရဲ႕ ေျငညာခ်က္စာကုိ သင္တုိ႔သိေစရန္ ကၽြႏု္ပ္ ပူးတြဲ ေပးလုိက္ပါတယ္။ ဒီသင္တန္းရဲ႕ဆရာေတြကလည္း သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕ လမ္းညႊန္သင္ၾကားခ်က္ေတြကုိ ေစတနာသက္သက္ျဖင္႔ ေပးေဝသြားၾကမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ဒီေတာင္းပန္္ခ်က္အေပၚမွာ သင္႔ရဲ႕ အေလးအနက္ထား ၾကင္နာစြာ စဥ္းစားေပးမႈအတြက္ သင္႔ကုိ ေက်းဇူးအမ်ားႀကီးတင္ပါတယ္။


ရုိးသားခင္မင္စြာျဖင္႔ သင္႔ရဲ႕(ေက်ာင္းသား)
အရွင္မာနိတ
ျမန္မာရဟန္းေတာ္