Tuesday, May 17, 2011

Vesak — Why Is it Highly Significant to Buddhists?

Today is Vesak day, which is the most significant day to Buddhists. Today we celebrated Vesak day at this Buddha Dhamma Mandala Society in Singapore. About nearly 200 people joined our celebration today. I gave a short talk about Vesak. The following is my talk given today.

On this very same full-moon day of the month of Vesākha, 2635 years ago, Siddhaṭṭha Bodhisatta was born in the Lumbini Park near Kapilavatthu. 2600 years ago, He became a Fully Enlightened One at the age of 35 under the Bodhi Tree at Buddha-Gaya. 2555 years ago, He passed away at the age of 80 at Kusinārā.

As soon as the Bodhisatta was born, he stood firmly with his feet on the ground. And he took seven steps to the north and uttered thus: "အေဂၢါဟမသၼိ ေလာကႆ, ေဇေ႒ာဟမသၼိ ေလာကႆ, ေသေ႒ာဟမသၼိ ေလာကႆ, အယမႏၲိမာ ဇာတိ, နတၳိ ဒါနိ ပုနဗၻေဝါ - I am the Highest in the world, I am the Best in the world, I am the Foremost in the world; this is my last birth; now there is no more renewal of being in future lives".

At the age of 35, Siddhaṭṭha Bodhisatta became a Fully Enlightened One under the Bodhi Tree at Buddha-Gaya. Immediately after his enlightenment, the Buddha uttered words of joy thus:
အေနကဇာတိသံသာရံ, သႏၶာဝိႆံ အနိဗၺိသံ။
ဂဟကာရံ ဂေဝသေႏၲာ, ဒုကၡာ ဇာတိ ပုနပၸဳနံ။။
ဂဟကာရက ဒိေ႒ာသိ, ပုန ေဂဟံ န ကာဟသိ။
သဗၺာ ေတ ဖာသုကာ ဘဂၢါ, ဂဟကူဋံ ဝိသခၤတံ။
ဝိသခၤါရဂတံ စိတၱံ, တဏွာနံ ခယမဇၩဂါ။


Seeking but not finding the house builder,
I travelled through the round of countless births:
Oh painful is birth ever and again.

House builder, you have now been seen;
You shall not build the house again.
Your rafters have been broken down;
Your ridge pole is demolished too.

My mind has now attained the unformed Nibbāna
And reached the end of every kind of craving.


The Enlightenment of the Buddha is the most important and significant event, because it brought the light and freedom to the world. Therefore, the Buddha is called “The Bringer of Light or The Bringer of Freedom”. His arising in this world was, is, and will be for the good, welfare and happiness of the world. It was on this very full-moon Day of Vesak that it all started in this world and that the victory of the Buddha Himself and the world alike took place.

He passed away at the age of 80 at Kusinārā. Just before his passing away, he gave his very last message thus:

"ဟႏၵ ဒါနိ, ဘိကၡေဝ, အာမႏၲယာမိ ေဝါ, ဝယဓမၼာ သခၤါရာ, အပၸမာေဒန သမၸာေဒထ - Now, monks, I declare to you: all conditioned things are of a nature to decay — strive on with diligence".


For Buddhists, “Vesak” is a significant occasion for the above-mentioned three events of the Buddha.

In reality, Vesak is a Sinhalese word adapted from "Vesākha", which is a Pali month name. The month of "Vesākha" usually coincides with May. This is the reason why it is called Vesak. Now the word "Vesak" has become an international term, noted even on the United Nations calendar.

On this Vesak Day, it is a common tradition for Buddhists all over the world to pour fragrant and pure water at the Bodhi Trees at the pagoda platforms or temples in commemoration of the Buddha or as a mark of honouring the Buddha, remembering His unique virtues and match-less qualities. And Paritta, Paṭṭhāna and some Discourses are either individually or in groups chanted together with observing precepts, teaching and listening to the Dhamma, cultivating loving-kindness and practicing meditation.

According to the Mahaparinibbana Sutta of Digha Nikaya, on the day when the Lord Buddha passed away, the Sal-trees at the Kusinārā were untimely in blossom. And at the same time, gods from the sky were honoring the Buddha with divine music and song continuously. The Buddha has never been so honored, revered and worshiped before.

Then the Buddha said, "Ananda, whatever monk, nun, male lay-follower or female lay-follower lives practicing the Dhamma properly, and perfectly fulfils the Dhamma-way, he or she honors the Buddha, reveres him and pays him the supreme homage".

Here regarding honoring the Buddha, there are two kinds. They are called Amisapuja and Dhammapuja in Pali. Out of these two kinds, Amisapuja means honoring or showing respects to the Buddha with material or wealth such as offering alms-food, robes, flowers, lights, incense, fruit, music, song and so on. And Dhammapuja means honoring or showing respects to the Buddha by practicing the Dhamma.

According to the Mahaparinibbana Sutta, the Buddha prefers to accept Dhammapuja from his followers. It clearly shows that it is very important for us Buddhists to practice the Dhamma. So, let's show our true respects to the Buddha not only with Amisa but also with the Dhamma!


May you find a peace of mind!

With best regards
Ven. Manita







Monday, February 7, 2011

A Close Connection Between Lunar Year and Rabbit

This Chinese New Year is Lunar New Year. Its auspicious symbol is Rabbit. It is year of the rabbit.

Lunar New Year refers to the beginning of the year based on a Lunar Calendar. Lunar Calendar is a calendar which is based on cycles of the lunar phase. Lunar means “connected with the Moon”.

There is a close and interesting connection between the moon and rabbit in many ancient myths.

The earliest mention that there is a rabbit on the moon appears in the Chu Ci, a Western Han anthology of Chinese poems from the Warring States period, which notes that along with a toad, there is a rabbit on the moon who constantly pounds herbs for the immortals. This notion is supported by later texts, including the Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era encyclopedia of the Song Dynasty. Han Dynasty poets call the rabbit on the moon the Jade Rabbit or the Gold Rabbit.

The Buddhist Jātaka Tale 316 also clearly shows a connection between the moon and rabbit.

The Rabbit in the Moon (Sasapandhita Jātaka)

Long long ago, the Bodhisatta was born as a rabbit in a forest.

One evening, the rabbit looked at the sky and realized that the next day was the full moon. The rabbit resolved to keep the precepts (Uposatha) and offer food to any beggars who came to him, on the day of the full moon, believing that his alms-giving would bring a great reward.

Early the next morning, the rabbit went out and began grazing on grass as usual. While he was eating, he thought, “I cannot possibly offer grass to a wandering mendicant! I don’t have any rice, oil, or anything else to give. If a beggar comes seeking food, I will have to give him my own flesh!”

As soon as this splendid idea came to the rabbit, Sakka’s white marble throne became hot. Sakka realized that the reason for this was the rabbit’s virtue, and he decided to test him. He disguised himself as an old Brahmin and went to the rabbit’s warren. The old Brahmin begged for food. The rabbit replied, “Brahmin, I have no rice, oil, or beans to give, but, today I will give you a gift that I have never given before. I will give what is freely mine to give! Go, friend, pile up some wood, and kindle a fire. When it is burning well, call me. I will gladly sacrifice myself by jumping into the flames. When by body is roasted, you may eat my flesh.”

The old Brahmin created a heap of burning coals and then he called the rabbit.

The rabbit approached the fire. Three times, he shook himself so that any insects in his fur would be spared. Without hesitation, he leaped directly into the center of burning coals. Despite the flames which flared up the embers, not a single hair on his body was burnt. Then, amazed, the old Brahmin revealed himself to be Sakka and told that he came to put his virtue to the test.

Touched by the rabbit's virtue, Sakka drew the likeness of the rabbit on the moon so that all may see his image throughout the whole eon.

Compiled by Ashin Manita






Friday, November 12, 2010

Inspiring Sayings (Part – 3)

21. Brighten your day with the sunshine of thanks.
သင္ရဲ႕ေန႔ကုိ ေက်းဇူးတင္ျခင္းဆုိတဲ႔ ေနေရာင္ေတြနဲ႔ ေတာက္ပေနပါေစ။

22. To make your life count, spend it on the things that count.
သင္ရဲ႕ဘဝ အေရးပါအရာေရာက္ေစဖုိ႔ အေရးႀကီးတဲ႔အရာေတြနဲ႔သာ ဘဝကုိ ကုန္လြန္ပါေစ။
-Count= to be important = matter = အေရးႀကီးသည္၊ အေရးပါအရာေရာက္သည္။
- That count (Adj Clause)= အေရးပါအရာေရာက္ေသာ၊ the things= အရာမ်ား

23. No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another.
အျခားသူတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ ဝန္ထုပ္ဝန္ပုိးေတြကို ေပါ႔ပါးသက္သာေစတဲ႔ (လူတုိင္းဟာ တန္ဖိုး ရွိပါတယ္)မည္သူတစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္မွ အခ်ည္းႏွီးမဟုတ္ပါ။
- Lighten = ေပါ႔ပါးသက္သာေစသည္။
- Burden= ဝန္ထုပ္ဝန္ပုိး
- အထက္ပါဝါက်တြင္ who lightens the burdens of another -သည္ Adj Clause ျဖစ္ၿပီး No one ကုိ အထူးျပဳရမွာျဖစ္လုိ႔ အမွန္တကယ္ဆုိရင္ No one who lightens the burdens of another is useless in this world.- လုိ႔ ေရးရမွာပါ။ အဂၤလိပ္စာအေရးအသားတြင္ Subject က Complement ထက္ အရမ္းရွည္ေနမည္႔ ေနရာတြင္ ဤကဲ႔သုိ႔ ေနာက္ခပ္ေဝးေဝးတြင္ထားေလ႔ရွိပါတယ္။

24. Resentment and bitterness over past wrongs are like rocks that drag our spirits down. Only when we let go off the rocks can we regain the freedom of spirit we once knew.
အတိတ္ရဲ႕အမွားေတြအေပၚမွာ စိတ္မေက်မခ်မ္းျဖစ္ေနျခင္းႏွင္႔ ခါးခါးသီးသီးျဖစ္ေန ျခင္းတုိ႔ဟာ ေက်ာက္ဆုိင္ေက်ာက္ခဲေတြလုိ ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ စိတ္ဓာတ္ေတြကို အားနည္း ခ်ည္႔နဲ႔သြားေစပါတယ္(ဆြဲခ်ေနပါတယ္)။ ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ အဲဒါေတြကို စြန္႔လႊတ္ ႏုိင္တဲ႔အခါမွ သာလွ်င္ ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ တစ္ခ်ိန္က သိရွိနားလည္ခဲ႔ဖူးတဲ႔ စိတ္ရဲ႕လြတ္လပ္မႈကုိ တစ္ဖန္ ျပန္ရႏုိင္မွာပါ။
- Resentment = စိတ္မေက်မခ်မ္းျဖစ္ျခင္း
- Bitterness = ခါးသီးမႈ/ျခင္း
- Drag Sth down= အားနည္းသြားေစသည္၊ က်ဆင္းသြားေစသည္။
- Spirit = စိတ္ဓာတ္၊ Eg. Union spirit =ျပည္ေထာင္စုစိတ္ဓာတ္
- Let go off = to stop holding Sb/ Sth= စြန္႔ပယ္/ လႊတ္လုိက္သည္။
- Regain = ျပန္ရသည္။
- The freedom of spirit (that) we once knew = That ကုိ ျမဳပ္ထားသည္။ (that) we once knew (Adj Clause)= ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ တစ္ခ်ိန္က သိရွိနားလည္ခဲ႔ဖူးေသာ၊ the freedom of spirit= စိတ္ရဲ႕လြတ္လပ္မႈကုိ
- Only when we let go off the rocks can we regain the freedom of spirit we once knew. Only when/ Only if ႏွင္႔စတဲ႔ ဝါက်တြင္ ဤသုိ႔ Subject နဲ႔ Helping Verb ေရွ႕ေနာက္ျပန္ေရးေလ႔ရွိပါတယ္။ Eg. Only if these conditions are fulfilled can the application proceed to the next stage.

25. Don’t think of setbacks as losses, but as opportunities — vacant lots on which to build new dreams.
အတားအဆီး၊ အခက္အခဲေတြကို အရႈံးမ်ားလုိ႔ မယူဆလုိက္ပါနဲ႔၊ အိ္ပ္မက္အသစ္ ေတြကို တည္ေဆာက္ရမယ္႔ ေနရာလႊတ္မ်ား၊ အခြင္႔အေရးမ်ားအျဖစ္ မွတ္ယူလုိက္ပါ။
- Setback= a difficulty or problem that delays or prevents sth, or makes a situation worse = အခက္အခဲ၊ ျပႆနာ
- Vacant = လစ္လပ္ေနေသာ
- Lot = area of land = ေျမေနရာ၊ Eg. A parking lot. A vacant lot (= one available to be built on or used for sth)
- Vacant lots on which to build new dreams = (1)……vacant lots. (2) To build new dreams on vacant lots. (3) To build new dreams on which. (4) On which to build new dreams. Eg: With what to do, how to manage, where to go, which way to choose.

26. When troubles come to you in waves, don’t try to resist or hold them back. Climb on the surfboard of faith and ride them out.
သင္႔ဆီကုိ ျပႆနာေတြ အလုံးအရင္းနဲ႔ ေရာက္လာတဲ႔အခါ အာခံဖုိ႔ (သုိ႔) ဟန္႔တားဖုိ႔ မႀကိဳးစားပါနဲ႔။ ယံုၾကည္ခ်က္ဆုိတဲ႔ လႈိင္းစီးပ်ဥ္ခ်ပ္ရွည္ေပၚတက္ၿပီး သူတုိ႔ကုိ စီးသြား လုိက္ပါ (လႈိင္းစီးပ်ဥ္ခ်ပ္ရွည္နဲ႔တူတဲ႔ ယုံၾကည္ခ်က္ျဖင္႔ သူတုိ႔ကုိ ေက်ာ္လႊားလိုက္ပါ)။
- In waves = အလုံးအရင္းနဲ႔
- Resist = အာခံသည္၊ ခုခံသည္။
- Hold Sth back =to prevent Sth = ဟန္႔တားသည္။
- Surfboard = လႈိင္းစီးပ်ဥ္ခ်ပ္ရွည္
-Ride Sth out = manage to survive a difficult situation = ခက္ခဲတဲ႔ အေျခအေနတစ္ရပ္ကုိ ကုိင္တြယ္ေျဖရွင္းသည္။

27. Kindness is the seed from which friendship grows, and where the shoot of friendship grows, the flower of love soon blossoms.
ရင္ႏွီးခင္မင္မႈဟာ အၾကင္နာတရားတည္းဟူေသာ အေစ႔မွ ေပါက္ဖြားလာပါတယ္။ ရင္ႏွီးခင္မင္မႈဆုိတဲ႔ အညႊန္႔အေညွာက္ေလး ႀကီးထြားေနတဲ႔ေနရာမွာ ေမတၱာတည္းဟူ ေသာ အခ်စ္ပန္းေလးလည္း မၾကာမီ ပြင္႔ထြန္းလာမွာပါ။
- Shoot = အစို႔အေညွာက္၊ အညႊန္႔အေညာက္
- Blossom = အပြင္႔ပြင္႔သည္၊ ဖြင္႔ၿဖိဳးေဝဆာလာသည္။
- Kindness is the seed from which friendship grows= (1) Kindness is the seed. (2) Friendship grows from the seed. (3) Friendship grows from which. (4) From which friendship grows.

28. Treat every obstacle as a rung in the ladder of success, and you’ll keep moving up and onward to bigger and better things.
အတားအဆီးမွန္သမွ်ကုိ ေအာင္္္ျမင္မႈေလွကားတြင္ရွိတဲ႔ ေလွကားထစ္၊ ေလွကား ဆန္တစ္ခုအျဖစ္ သေဘာထားပါ၊ ဒါဆုိရင္ ပုိမုိႀကီးမားေကာင္းမြန္တဲ႔ အရာမ်ားဆီသုိ႔ သင္ ဆက္လက္ေရြ႕လ်ားသြားလိမ္႔မယ္။
-Treat = to consider = သေဘာထားသည္။
- Rung = ေလွကားထစ္၊ ေလွကားဆန္
- Ladder = ေလွကား
- Keep +Ving = ဆက္…သည္။

29. What makes happy people happy? Maybe it’s that they’re so busy thinking of others that they don’t have time to think about themselves.
ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ေနတဲ႔ လူေတြကုိ ဘာက ထပ္ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ေစတာလဲ။ သူတုိ႔ဟာ သူတုိ႔ ကုိယ္တုိင္အတြက္စဥ္းစားဖုိ႔ အခ်ိန္မရေလာက္ေအာင္ အျခားသူေတြအတြက္စဥ္းစား ရင္း အလုပ္မ်ားေနျခင္းကပဲ (သူတုိ႔ကုိ ထပ္ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ေစတာ) ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
-Make + Obj + Adj = ......ေစတယ္။
- They’re so busy thinking of others that they don’t have time to think about themselves. = So Adj/ Adv that = ……ေလာက္ေအာင္ကုိ.....ပါသည္၊……အလြန္ေသာေၾကာင္႔……ပါသည္။
သူတုိ႔ဟာ သူတုိ႔ကုိယ္တုိင္အတြက္ စဥ္းစားဖုိ႔အခ်ိိိန္မရေလာက္ေအာင္ အျခားသူေတြ အတြက္စဥ္းစားရင္ အလြန္အလုပ္မ်ားေနၾကပါတယ္။ (တစ္နည္း) သူတုိ႔ဟာ အျခား သူေတြအတြက္စဥ္းစားရင္ အလြန္အလုပ္မ်ားေနေသာေၾကာင္႔ သူတုိ႔ကုိယ္တုိင္အတြက္ စဥ္းစားဖုိ႔ အခ်ိန္မရၾကပါ(အခ်ိန္မရၾကျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါသည္)။

30. Decisions can be hard for a man to make, but hard decisions make a man.
ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ေတြခ်ရျခင္းဟာ လူတစ္ေယာက္အတြက္ ခက္ခဲႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ႔ ခက္ခက္ခဲခဲခ်ရေသာ ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ေတြကပဲ ရင္႔က်က္ျပည္႔ဝတဲ႔ လူတစ္ေယာက္ အျဖစ္ ဖန္တီးေပးလုိက္တာပါ။




Thursday, November 11, 2010

Simple Present Tense (ရုိးရိုး ပစၥဳပၸန္ကာလ)


Simple Present Tense ႏွင္႔ ႀကိယာ
Verb To Be — Am, Is, Are
Verb To Have — Has, Have
Verb To Do — Present Tense Verb (Verb – 1) (speak/speaks, say/says, go/goes, teach/teaches)

Simple Present Tense ႀကိယာႏွင္႔ s, es
ႀကိယာကုိ s, es ႏွင္႔သုံးတာဟာ ဒီ Simple Present Tense တစ္ခုမွာသာ ရွိပါတယ္။ s, es သုံးရာတြင္ လုိအပ္ေသာ အခ်က္ ၃- ခ်က္ —
1. Simple Present Tense - ျဖစ္ရမယ္
2. Subject က Singular - ျဖစ္ရမယ္
3. Subject က Third Person - ျဖစ္ရမယ္
Eg. He speaks English. Daw Hla teaches Burmese history.


ႀကိယာ ၄-မ်ဳိး

Present tense verb/ Past tense Verb/ Past participle verb/ Present participle verb
(Verb - 1)/ (Verb - 2)/ (Verb- 3)/ (Verb – 4)

Speak(s)/ Spoke/ Spoken/ Speaking
Say(s)/ Said/ Said/ Saying
Write(s)/ Wrote/ Written/ Writing
Talk(s)/ Talked/ Talked/ Talking
Go(es)/ Went/ Gone/ Going
Teach(es)/ Taught/ Taught/ Teaching

Simple Present Tense - ျဖင္႔ သုံးေသာအရာမ်ား
1. Universal Truth (ထာဝရ အမွန္တရား)
2. General Truth (ေယဘုယ် အမွန္တရား)
3. State of Affairs (ရိွရင္းစြဲ အေျခအေန)
4. Order or Request (အမိန္႔ေပးစကား၊ ေတာင္းပန္စကား)
5. Habitual Actions (အက်င္႔၊ ဓေလ႔၊ စရုိက္မ်ား)

1.Universal Truth (ထာဝရ အမွန္တရား)
1. The earth is round.
2. In every country, the sun rises in the east.
3. The earth goes around the sun.
4. Everything is subject to decay.
5. To meet is to part.

2. General Truth (ေယဘုယ် အမွန္တရား)
1. Cows eat grass.
2. Boys are stronger than girls.
3. Women are more curious than men.
4. Man is the breadwinner in the family.

3. State of Affairs (ရိွရင္းစြဲ အေျခအေန)
1. Yangon is the capital of Myanmar.
2. He is 19.
3. She is thin/ selfish.
4. The Irrawaddy flows from north to south.
5. Myanmar is The Golden Land.

4. Order or Request (အမိန္႔ေပးစကား၊ ေတာင္းပန္စကား)
1. Come here / go there. Please come here/ go there.
2. Don’t talk. Please don’t talk.
3. Be quiet. Be quiet, please.
4. Tell me what you see. Please tell me what you see.
5. Sit down. Sit down, please.

5.Habitual Actions (အက်င္႔၊ ဓေလ႔၊ စရုိက္မ်ား)

ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင္႔ အက်င္႔၊ ဓေလ႔၊ စရုိက္မ်ားကုိ ေဖာ္ျပေသာ (Frequency Adverbs) ႀကိယာဝိေသသနမ်ား
Always, Never, Often, Frequently, Sometimes, Occasionally, Every......, Usually, Generally, Hardly, Rarely, Seldom, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Yearly, Once/ twice/ three times…. a day/ week/ month/ year, whenever

Always =အၿမဲတမ္း
1. She always tells the truth.
2. He is always polite.
3. I always think of my future.

Never = ဘယ္ေတာ႔မွ၊ တစ္ခါမွ၊ လုံးဝ
1. He never lies to others.
2. I never smoke.
3. He never drinks alcohol.

Often = မၾကာခဏ
1. He often comes to me.
2. I often see him at school.
3. He often calls me.

Frequently = မၾကာခဏ
1. I frequently go and see my mother.
2. He is frequently broke.
3. She frequently feels depressed.

Sometimes = တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ၊ ရံဖန္ရံခါ
1. I sometimes go out at night.
2. Even friends disagree sometimes.
3. The truth is sometimes difficult to get at.

Occasionally = တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ၊ ရံဖန္ရံခါ
1. We see each other occasionally.
2. She phones every week and writes occasionally.
3. I go to bed late occasionally.

Every……= …..တုိင္း
1. He gets up early every morning.
2. I read newspaper every day.
3. She goes to the cinema every week.

Usually= မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔
1. He usually goes to work by bus.
2. I am usually out during the day.
3. She usually goes out on Sundays.

Generally = ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင္႔
1. I generally get up at six.
2. He generally takes a rest on Saturdays.
3. She generally agrees with me.

Hardly = Almost no; Almost not; Almost none= မ…ေလာက္နီးပါး
1. We hardly know each other.
2. He hardly speaks English.
3. She hardly ever goes out at night.

Rarely = Not very often = ရွားရွားပါးပါး ၊ ႀကံဳေတာင္႔ႀကဳံခဲ
1. She is rarely seen in public nowadays.
2. We rarely agree on what to do.
3. The buses are rarely on time.

Seldom = ရွားရွားပါးပါး ၊ ႀကံဳေတာင္႔ႀကဳံခဲ
1. She seldom goes out alone.
2. I seldom watch T.V.
3. The cautious seldom err.

Daily = ေန႔စဥ္ေန႔တုိင္း
1. I walk for my health daily.
2. He reads newspaper daily.
3. The restaurant is open daily.

Weekly = အပတ္စဥ္တုိင္း
1. She goes to the theatre weekly.
2. He visits his parents weekly.
3. Wages are paid weekly.

Monthly = လစဥ္၊ လတုိင္း
1. He goes for a picnic monthly.
2. She gets paid monthly.
3. I call my parents monthly.

Yearly = ႏွစ္စဥ္၊ ႏွစ္တုိင္း
1. I go back to my native town yearly.
2. He celebrates his birthday party yearly.
3. They visit me yearly.

Once/ twice/ three times…. a day/ week/ month/ year = တစ္ရက္/ပတ္/လ/ႏွစ္မွာ တစ္၊ ႏွစ္၊ သုံး.....ႀကိမ္
1. I do physical exercise once a day.
2. He dines out twice a week.
3. She cleans her house twice a month.
4. I go for a check-up three times a year.

Whenever = အခါတုိင္း
1. Whenever they meet, they speak in English.
2. Whenever he needs my help, he comes to me.
3. Whenever I remember you, I look at your photo.















12 Kinds of Tense (ကာလ ၁၂-မ်ုဳိး)

Present Tenses
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Tenses
1. Simple Past Tense
2. Past Continuous Tense
3. Past Perfect Tense
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Tenses
1. Simple Future Tense
2. Future Continuous Tense
3. Future Perfect Tense
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Monday, September 20, 2010

Teen Singer Justin Bieber's Really Really Hit !!!

Monday, August 9, 2010

Kandyan Perahera


The annually-held Perahera is about to be nightly celebrated at the Tooth Relic Temple in Kandy from 15th to 24th this month. I would like to recommend you to come and see it on two final nights if you are of great interest in.

Dear Friends, the following is a short composition of my own expressing my deep feeling on Kandyan Perahera. Why don’t you read it and feel it right now? Hopefully indeed, you might get something new from reading it!

With Best Regards
A Shin Manita





Kandyan Perahera




“Perahera” is a parade in honor of the Buddha’s tooth relic and also one of the three grandest religious festivals of Sri Lanka. It is popularly known as one of the most colorful religious pageants in Asia, too. In reality, it is the most beautiful and spectacular religious one I have ever seen.



In this festival, about one hundred jewel-encrusted elephants and all the traditional forms of music, dance and arts of Sri Lanka can be stunningly seen and startlingly enjoyed at the same time and place. And the tooth temple and compound beautifully and artistically decorated with neon lights at night looks rather like a heavenly abode. Beyond wonder! Beyond compare! Beyond belief!




In fact, the tooth relic of the Buddha is truly worthy of such highest honor and veneration. According to Buddhist history, there were four tooth relics of the Buddha remaining after his demise. Among these four, one is this very tooth relic in Kandy, and the other three ¬--- one in China, one in Tarwatimthar Deva world and one in Naga land. Because of the belief that this is the authentic tooth relic of the Buddha, Sri Lankan Buddhists treasure and venerate it so much as their life. In the same way, the other one that Sri Lankan Buddhists do so is Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura now, which was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India, under which the Buddha attained enlightenment.

In eyes of the Buddhists from the other countries, by nature Sri Lankan Buddhists are really and truly fortunate!






ကႏၵီၿမိဳ႕မွ စြယ္ေတာ္ပူေဇာ္ပြဲ


“ေပရာေဟရ” ဆုိသည္မွာ ဗုဒၶရွင္ေတာ္ျမတ္ရဲ႕ စြယ္ေတာ္ဓာတ္ကုိ ပူေဇာ္တဲ႔အေနျဖင္႔ က်င္းပတဲ႔ စီတန္းလွည္႔လည္ပြဲတစ္ခုျဖစ္ၿပီး သီရိလကၤာႏုိင္ငံရဲ႕ အႀကီးက်ယ္အခမ္းနားဆုံး ဘာသာေရးပြဲသုံးခုထဲမွာ တစ္ခုအပါအဝင္လည္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီပြဲေတာ္ဟာ အာရွရဲ႕ စိတ္ဝင္စားဖြယ္အေကာင္းဆုံး ဘာသာေရးဆုိင္ရာ အလွျပစီတန္းလွည္႔လည္ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖပြဲေတြထဲမွာ တစ္ခုအေနနဲ႔လည္း ထင္ရွားေက်ာ္ၾကားပါတယ္။ အမွန္အတုိင္းေျပာရရင္ ကၽြႏု္ပ္ေတြ႔ဖူးသမွ် ဘာသာေရးပြဲေတြထဲမွာ အလွပဆုံးႏွင္႔ ရင္သပ္ရႈေမာဖြယ္ရာအေကာင္းဆုံး ပြဲေတာ္တစ္ခုပါ။

ဒီပြဲေတာ္တြင္ ရတနာေတြနဲ႔ အလွဆင္ထားတဲ႔ ဆင္အေကာင္တစ္ရာခန္႔ႏွင္႔ သီရိလကၤာႏုိင္ငံရဲ႕ ေတးဂီတႏွင္႔ အကပေဒသာမ်ဳိးစုံအျပင္ အႏုပညာပုံစံအမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးကုိလည္း ရင္သပ္ရႈေမာဖြယ္ရာ တစ္ခ်ိန္တည္း တစ္ေနရာတည္းမွာ ရႈျမင္ခံစားႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ႔ ညအခ်ိန္မွာ ေရာင္စုံမီးေတြနဲ႔ လွလွပပ အႏုပညာလက္ရာေျမာက္စြာ အလွဆင္ထားတဲ႔ စြယ္ေတာ္တုိက္ႏွင္႔ ပရဝုဏ္ၿခံဝင္းဟာလည္း နတ္ဘုံနတ္နန္းအလား ထင္မွားေလာက္စရာပါပဲ။ တကယ္႔ကုိ အံံ႔ၾသလုိ႔မကုန္ႏုိင္စရာပါ! တကယ္႔ကုိ ႏႈိင္းယွဥ္စရာ မရွိပါ! တကယ္႔ကုိ မယုံၾကည္ႏုိင္စရာပါ!


အမွန္အားလည္း ျမတ္ဗုဒၶရဲ႕ စြယ္ေတာ္ဓာတ္ဟာ ဒီလုိ ဂုဏ္ျပဳပူေဇာ္မႈ၊ အေလးအျမတ္ျပဳမႈေတြနဲ႔ တကယ္႔ကုိ ထုိက္တန္ပါတယ္။ ဗုဒၶဘာသာသမိုင္းအလုိအရေျပာရရင္ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶပရိနိဗၺာန္စံဝင္ေတာ္မူၿပီးေနာက္ စြယ္ေတာ္ဓာတ္ ေလးဆူႂကြင္းက်န္ေတာ္မူခဲ႔ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီေလးဆူထဲမွာ တစ္ဆူေသာစြယ္ေတာ္ဟာ ကႏၵီၿမိဳ႕မွ ဤစြယ္ေတာ္ဓာတ္ျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ အျခားသုံးဆူကေတာ႔ တရုတ္ျပည္မွာ တစ္ဆူ၊ တာဝတိႎသာနတ္ျပည္မွာ တစ္ဆူနဲ႔ နဂါးျပည္မွာ တစ္ဆူတုိ႔ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီစြယ္ေတာ္ျမတ္ဟာ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ စြယ္ေတာ္ဓာတ္အစစ္ျဖစ္တယ္ဆုိတဲ႔ ယံုၾကည္ခ်က္ေၾကာင္႔ သီရိလကၤာဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြဟာ စြယ္ေတာ္ျမတ္ကုိ သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕ အသက္နဲ႔ထပ္တူ တန္ဖုိးထား ရုိေသေလးစားၾကပါတယ္။ ထုိနည္းတူစြာ သီရိလကၤာဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြ ဒီလုိအသက္နဲ႔ထပ္တူ ရုိေသေလးစားတန္ဖိုးထားၾကတဲ႔ အျခားအရာတစ္ခုကေတာ႔ အိႏၵိယႏုိင္ငံ ဗုဒၶဂယာရွိ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ သဗၺညဳတေရႊညဏ္ေတာ္ကုိ ရေတာ္မူခဲ႔တဲ႔ မူရင္းေဗာဓိပင္မွ ပင္႔ေဆာင္ခဲ႔ေသာ ယခု အႏုရာဓပူရၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္ရွိ သီရိမဟာေဗာဓိပင္ ပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

အျခားႏုိင္ငံမွ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြရဲ႕ အျမင္အာရုံမွာေတာ႔ သီရိလကၤာဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြဟာ သဘာဝအရပင္ တကယ္ ကံထူူးၾကသူေတြေပါ႔။




Explanations ---


@-- parade = [C] a public celebration of a special day or event, usually with bands in the streets and decorated vehicles = စီတန္းလွည္႔လည္ပြဲ

- In honor (honour-British) of the Buddha’s tooth relic =
In honor of sb/sth = in order to show respect and admiration for sb/sth = ေလးစားဂုဏ္ျပဳပူေဇာ္တဲ႔အေနနဲ႔
- Grand, grander, grandest = ႀကီးက်ယ္ခမ္းနား/ ပုိ၍ ႀကီးက်ယ္ခမ္းနားေသာ/ အႀကီးက်ယ္အခမ္းနားဆုံး

- Colorful (colourful-British) = interesting or exciting; full of variety, sometimes in a way that is slightly shocking = စိတ္ဝင္စားဖြယ္ (သုိ႔) စိတ္လႈပ္ရွားဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ

- Pageant = အလွျပစီတန္းလွည္႔လည္ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖျခင္း/ ပြဲ

- In reality = အမွန္အားျဖင္႔

- Spectacular = very impressive/ breathtaking = ရင္သပ္ရႈေမာဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ

- (That) I have ever seen (Adj Clause) = ကၽြႏု္ပ္ေတြ႔ဖူးသမွ်ေသာ (ပြဲေတာ္ေတြထဲမွာ)။ ဤဝါက်တြင္ that - ကုိ ျမုဳပ္ထားသည္။ အျပည္႔အစုံဆုိရင္ It is the most beautiful and spectacular religious one that I have ever seen. - လုိ႔ေရးရမည္။

@--Jewel-encrusted = ရတနာ(တုိ႔)ျဖင္႔ တန္ဆာဆင္ထားေသာ

Encrusted (with sth) = ဖုံးထား၊ အုပ္ထားေသာ

- stunningly (adv)= stunning(adj) = extremely attractive or impressive = ရင္သပ္ရႈေမာဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ

- Startlingly (adv)= startling (adj) = extremely unusual and surprising = အလြန္႔အလြန္ ထူးျခား၍ အ႔ံၾသဖြယ္၊ ရင္သပ္ရႈေမာဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ

- At the same time and place = တစ္ခ်ိန္တည္း တစ္ေနရာတည္းမွာ

- The tooth temple and compound beautifully and artistically decorated with neon lights at night looks rather like a heavenly abode =
(1) The tooth temple and compound looks rather like a heavenly abode.
(2) It is beautifully and artistically decorated with neon lights at night.
(Non-defining Adj Clause) The tooth temple and compound, which is beautifully and artistically decorated with neon lights at night, looks rather like a heavenly abode.
(Past Participle Adj Phrase) The tooth temple and compound beautifully and artistically decorated with neon lights at night looks rather like a heavenly abode.

- Neon lights = ေရာင္စုံမီးမ်ား
- Look like = တူသည္
- Rather = အေတာ္ေလး
- Heavenly abode = နတ္ဘုံ၊ နတ္နန္း
- Beyond (Prep)= ေက်ာ္လြန္၍
- Wonder = အ႔ံၾသစရာ
- Compare = ႏုိင္းယွဥ္စရာ
- Belief = ယုံၾကည္မႈ


@-- Worthy of sb/sth = having the qualities that deserve sb/sth = ထုိက္တန္ေသာ

- According to sb/sth = …အလုိအရ၊ …ႏွင္႔အညီေျပာရရင္

- Demise = ပရိနိဗၺာန္စံဝင္ျခင္း ၊ ကြယ္လြန္အနိစၥေရာက္ျခင္း

- There were four tooth relics of the Buddha remaining after his demise=
(1) There were four tooth relics of the Buddha.
(2) They were remaining after his demise.
(Adj Clause) There were four tooth relics of the Buddha which are remaining after his demise.
(Present Participle Adj Phrase or Adj Phrase) There were four tooth relics of the Buddha remaining after his demise.

- Among = …မ်ဳိး/ ခု ထဲမွာ

- This very tooth = ထုိ၊ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ This very+N ၊ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ The same+N နဲ႔သုံးတတ္တယ္။ Eg. In this very article, The same book

- Because of sb/sth = ….. ေၾကာင္႔

- Authentic = real and genuine = စစ္မွန္ေသာ

- Treasure = တန္ဖုိးထားသည္။

- Venerate = အမြန္အျမတ္ထားသည္၊ ၾကည္ညဳိေလးစားသည္။

- So much = အလြန္႔အလြန္

- As their life = သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕အသက္လုိ၊ အသက္နဲ႔ထပ္တူ၊ အသက္သမွ်

- In the same way = ထုိနည္းတူ၊ ထုိ႔အတူ

- Do so = treasure and venerate so much

- The other one that Sri Lankan Buddhists do so is Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura now, which was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India.

(1) The other one that Sri Lankan Buddhists do so is Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura now.
(2) It was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India.
(Non-defining Adj Clause) The other one that Sri Lankan Buddhists do so is Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura now, which was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India.

- The Bodhi tree (which) was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India, under which the Buddha attained enlightenment.
(1) The Bodhi tree was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India.
(2) The Buddha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. The Bodhi tree - ဆုိတဲ႔ Noun - ကုိ Which - နဲ႔အစားထုိးလုိက္ေတာ႔ မူရင္း Under - နဲ႔ေပါင္း၍ Under which - ျဖစ္သြားၿပီး သူ႔ဝါက်ရဲ႕ေရွ႕ဆုံးသုိ႔ ပုိ႔လုိက္တဲ႔အခါ under which the Buddha attained enlightenment - ဆုိတဲ႔ Prepositional Relative Clause - ျဖစ္လာတယ္။
(Prepositional Relative Clause or Non-defining Adj Clause)The Bodhi tree was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India, under which the Buddha attained enlightenment.

@--In eyes of sb = …… ရဲ႕အျမင္မွာ၊ တြင္
- By Nature = သဘာဝအားျဖင္႔ ၊ သဘာဝအေလွ်ာက္
- Really and truly = တကယ္႔ကုိ
- Fortunate = Lucky = ကံထူး၊ကံေကာင္းသာ