Inspiring Sayings (Part – 3)

21. Brighten your day with the sunshine of thanks.
သင္ရဲ႕ေန႔ကုိ ေက်းဇူးတင္ျခင္းဆုိတဲ႔ ေနေရာင္ေတြနဲ႔ ေတာက္ပေနပါေစ။

22. To make your life count, spend it on the things that count.
သင္ရဲ႕ဘဝ အေရးပါအရာေရာက္ေစဖုိ႔ အေရးႀကီးတဲ႔အရာေတြနဲ႔သာ ဘဝကုိ ကုန္လြန္ပါေစ။
-Count= to be important = matter = အေရးႀကီးသည္၊ အေရးပါအရာေရာက္သည္။
- That count (Adj Clause)= အေရးပါအရာေရာက္ေသာ၊ the things= အရာမ်ား

23. No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another.
အျခားသူတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ ဝန္ထုပ္ဝန္ပုိးေတြကို ေပါ႔ပါးသက္သာေစတဲ႔ (လူတုိင္းဟာ တန္ဖိုး ရွိပါတယ္)မည္သူတစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္မွ အခ်ည္းႏွီးမဟုတ္ပါ။
- Lighten = ေပါ႔ပါးသက္သာေစသည္။
- Burden= ဝန္ထုပ္ဝန္ပုိး
- အထက္ပါဝါက်တြင္ who lightens the burdens of another -သည္ Adj Clause ျဖစ္ၿပီး No one ကုိ အထူးျပဳရမွာျဖစ္လုိ႔ အမွန္တကယ္ဆုိရင္ No one who lightens the burdens of another is useless in this world.- လုိ႔ ေရးရမွာပါ။ အဂၤလိပ္စာအေရးအသားတြင္ Subject က Complement ထက္ အရမ္းရွည္ေနမည္႔ ေနရာတြင္ ဤကဲ႔သုိ႔ ေနာက္ခပ္ေဝးေဝးတြင္ထားေလ႔ရွိပါတယ္။

24. Resentment and bitterness over past wrongs are like rocks that drag our spirits down. Only when we let go off the rocks can we regain the freedom of spirit we once knew.
အတိတ္ရဲ႕အမွားေတြအေပၚမွာ စိတ္မေက်မခ်မ္းျဖစ္ေနျခင္းႏွင္႔ ခါးခါးသီးသီးျဖစ္ေန ျခင္းတုိ႔ဟာ ေက်ာက္ဆုိင္ေက်ာက္ခဲေတြလုိ ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ စိတ္ဓာတ္ေတြကို အားနည္း ခ်ည္႔နဲ႔သြားေစပါတယ္(ဆြဲခ်ေနပါတယ္)။ ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ အဲဒါေတြကို စြန္႔လႊတ္ ႏုိင္တဲ႔အခါမွ သာလွ်င္ ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ တစ္ခ်ိန္က သိရွိနားလည္ခဲ႔ဖူးတဲ႔ စိတ္ရဲ႕လြတ္လပ္မႈကုိ တစ္ဖန္ ျပန္ရႏုိင္မွာပါ။
- Resentment = စိတ္မေက်မခ်မ္းျဖစ္ျခင္း
- Bitterness = ခါးသီးမႈ/ျခင္း
- Drag Sth down= အားနည္းသြားေစသည္၊ က်ဆင္းသြားေစသည္။
- Spirit = စိတ္ဓာတ္၊ Eg. Union spirit =ျပည္ေထာင္စုစိတ္ဓာတ္
- Let go off = to stop holding Sb/ Sth= စြန္႔ပယ္/ လႊတ္လုိက္သည္။
- Regain = ျပန္ရသည္။
- The freedom of spirit (that) we once knew = That ကုိ ျမဳပ္ထားသည္။ (that) we once knew (Adj Clause)= ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ တစ္ခ်ိန္က သိရွိနားလည္ခဲ႔ဖူးေသာ၊ the freedom of spirit= စိတ္ရဲ႕လြတ္လပ္မႈကုိ
- Only when we let go off the rocks can we regain the freedom of spirit we once knew. Only when/ Only if ႏွင္႔စတဲ႔ ဝါက်တြင္ ဤသုိ႔ Subject နဲ႔ Helping Verb ေရွ႕ေနာက္ျပန္ေရးေလ႔ရွိပါတယ္။ Eg. Only if these conditions are fulfilled can the application proceed to the next stage.

25. Don’t think of setbacks as losses, but as opportunities — vacant lots on which to build new dreams.
အတားအဆီး၊ အခက္အခဲေတြကို အရႈံးမ်ားလုိ႔ မယူဆလုိက္ပါနဲ႔၊ အိ္ပ္မက္အသစ္ ေတြကို တည္ေဆာက္ရမယ္႔ ေနရာလႊတ္မ်ား၊ အခြင္႔အေရးမ်ားအျဖစ္ မွတ္ယူလုိက္ပါ။
- Setback= a difficulty or problem that delays or prevents sth, or makes a situation worse = အခက္အခဲ၊ ျပႆနာ
- Vacant = လစ္လပ္ေနေသာ
- Lot = area of land = ေျမေနရာ၊ Eg. A parking lot. A vacant lot (= one available to be built on or used for sth)
- Vacant lots on which to build new dreams = (1)……vacant lots. (2) To build new dreams on vacant lots. (3) To build new dreams on which. (4) On which to build new dreams. Eg: With what to do, how to manage, where to go, which way to choose.

26. When troubles come to you in waves, don’t try to resist or hold them back. Climb on the surfboard of faith and ride them out.
သင္႔ဆီကုိ ျပႆနာေတြ အလုံးအရင္းနဲ႔ ေရာက္လာတဲ႔အခါ အာခံဖုိ႔ (သုိ႔) ဟန္႔တားဖုိ႔ မႀကိဳးစားပါနဲ႔။ ယံုၾကည္ခ်က္ဆုိတဲ႔ လႈိင္းစီးပ်ဥ္ခ်ပ္ရွည္ေပၚတက္ၿပီး သူတုိ႔ကုိ စီးသြား လုိက္ပါ (လႈိင္းစီးပ်ဥ္ခ်ပ္ရွည္နဲ႔တူတဲ႔ ယုံၾကည္ခ်က္ျဖင္႔ သူတုိ႔ကုိ ေက်ာ္လႊားလိုက္ပါ)။
- In waves = အလုံးအရင္းနဲ႔
- Resist = အာခံသည္၊ ခုခံသည္။
- Hold Sth back =to prevent Sth = ဟန္႔တားသည္။
- Surfboard = လႈိင္းစီးပ်ဥ္ခ်ပ္ရွည္
-Ride Sth out = manage to survive a difficult situation = ခက္ခဲတဲ႔ အေျခအေနတစ္ရပ္ကုိ ကုိင္တြယ္ေျဖရွင္းသည္။

27. Kindness is the seed from which friendship grows, and where the shoot of friendship grows, the flower of love soon blossoms.
ရင္ႏွီးခင္မင္မႈဟာ အၾကင္နာတရားတည္းဟူေသာ အေစ႔မွ ေပါက္ဖြားလာပါတယ္။ ရင္ႏွီးခင္မင္မႈဆုိတဲ႔ အညႊန္႔အေညွာက္ေလး ႀကီးထြားေနတဲ႔ေနရာမွာ ေမတၱာတည္းဟူ ေသာ အခ်စ္ပန္းေလးလည္း မၾကာမီ ပြင္႔ထြန္းလာမွာပါ။
- Shoot = အစို႔အေညွာက္၊ အညႊန္႔အေညာက္
- Blossom = အပြင္႔ပြင္႔သည္၊ ဖြင္႔ၿဖိဳးေဝဆာလာသည္။
- Kindness is the seed from which friendship grows= (1) Kindness is the seed. (2) Friendship grows from the seed. (3) Friendship grows from which. (4) From which friendship grows.

28. Treat every obstacle as a rung in the ladder of success, and you’ll keep moving up and onward to bigger and better things.
အတားအဆီးမွန္သမွ်ကုိ ေအာင္္္ျမင္မႈေလွကားတြင္ရွိတဲ႔ ေလွကားထစ္၊ ေလွကား ဆန္တစ္ခုအျဖစ္ သေဘာထားပါ၊ ဒါဆုိရင္ ပုိမုိႀကီးမားေကာင္းမြန္တဲ႔ အရာမ်ားဆီသုိ႔ သင္ ဆက္လက္ေရြ႕လ်ားသြားလိမ္႔မယ္။
-Treat = to consider = သေဘာထားသည္။
- Rung = ေလွကားထစ္၊ ေလွကားဆန္
- Ladder = ေလွကား
- Keep +Ving = ဆက္…သည္။

29. What makes happy people happy? Maybe it’s that they’re so busy thinking of others that they don’t have time to think about themselves.
ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ေနတဲ႔ လူေတြကုိ ဘာက ထပ္ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ေစတာလဲ။ သူတုိ႔ဟာ သူတုိ႔ ကုိယ္တုိင္အတြက္စဥ္းစားဖုိ႔ အခ်ိန္မရေလာက္ေအာင္ အျခားသူေတြအတြက္စဥ္းစား ရင္း အလုပ္မ်ားေနျခင္းကပဲ (သူတုိ႔ကုိ ထပ္ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ေစတာ) ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
-Make + Obj + Adj = ......ေစတယ္။
- They’re so busy thinking of others that they don’t have time to think about themselves. = So Adj/ Adv that = ……ေလာက္ေအာင္ကုိ.....ပါသည္၊……အလြန္ေသာေၾကာင္႔……ပါသည္။
သူတုိ႔ဟာ သူတုိ႔ကုိယ္တုိင္အတြက္ စဥ္းစားဖုိ႔အခ်ိိိန္မရေလာက္ေအာင္ အျခားသူေတြ အတြက္စဥ္းစားရင္ အလြန္အလုပ္မ်ားေနၾကပါတယ္။ (တစ္နည္း) သူတုိ႔ဟာ အျခား သူေတြအတြက္စဥ္းစားရင္ အလြန္အလုပ္မ်ားေနေသာေၾကာင္႔ သူတုိ႔ကုိယ္တုိင္အတြက္ စဥ္းစားဖုိ႔ အခ်ိန္မရၾကပါ(အခ်ိန္မရၾကျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါသည္)။

30. Decisions can be hard for a man to make, but hard decisions make a man.
ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ေတြခ်ရျခင္းဟာ လူတစ္ေယာက္အတြက္ ခက္ခဲႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ႔ ခက္ခက္ခဲခဲခ်ရေသာ ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ေတြကပဲ ရင္႔က်က္ျပည္႔ဝတဲ႔ လူတစ္ေယာက္ အျဖစ္ ဖန္တီးေပးလုိက္တာပါ။

Simple Present Tense (ရုိးရိုး ပစၥဳပၸန္ကာလ)

Simple Present Tense ႏွင္႔ ႀကိယာ
Verb To Be — Am, Is, Are
Verb To Have — Has, Have
Verb To Do — Present Tense Verb (Verb – 1) (speak/speaks, say/says, go/goes, teach/teaches)

Simple Present Tense ႀကိယာႏွင္႔ s, es
ႀကိယာကုိ s, es ႏွင္႔သုံးတာဟာ ဒီ Simple Present Tense တစ္ခုမွာသာ ရွိပါတယ္။ s, es သုံးရာတြင္ လုိအပ္ေသာ အခ်က္ ၃- ခ်က္ —
1. Simple Present Tense - ျဖစ္ရမယ္
2. Subject က Singular - ျဖစ္ရမယ္
3. Subject က Third Person - ျဖစ္ရမယ္
Eg. He speaks English. Daw Hla teaches Burmese history.


ႀကိယာ ၄-မ်ဳိး

Present tense verb/ Past tense Verb/ Past participle verb/ Present participle verb
(Verb - 1)/ (Verb - 2)/ (Verb- 3)/ (Verb – 4)
Speak(s)/ Spoke/ Spoken/ Speaking
Say(s)/ Said/ Said/ Saying
Write(s)/ Wrote/ Written/ Writing
Talk(s)/ Talked/ Talked/ Talking
Go(es)/ Went/ Gone/ Going
Teach(es)/ Taught/ Taught/ Teaching

Simple Present Tense - ျဖင္႔ သုံးေသာအရာမ်ား
1. Universal Truth (ထာဝရ အမွန္တရား)
2. General Truth (ေယဘုယ် အမွန္တရား)
3. State of Affairs (ရိွရင္းစြဲ အေျခအေန)
4. Order or Request (အမိန္႔ေပးစကား၊ ေတာင္းပန္စကား)
5. Habitual Actions (အက်င္႔၊ ဓေလ႔၊ စရုိက္မ်ား)

1.Universal Truth (ထာဝရ အမွန္တရား)
1. The earth is round.
2. In every country, the sun rises in the east.
3. The earth goes around the sun.
4. Everything is subject to decay.
5. To meet is to part.

2. General Truth (ေယဘုယ် အမွန္တရား)
1. Cows eat grass.
2. Boys are stronger than girls.
3. Women are more curious than men.
4. Man is the breadwinner in the family.

3. State of Affairs (ရိွရင္းစြဲ အေျခအေန)
1. Yangon is the capital of Myanmar.
2. He is 19.
3. She is thin/ selfish.
4. The Irrawaddy flows from north to south.
5. Myanmar is The Golden Land.

4. Order or Request (အမိန္႔ေပးစကား၊ ေတာင္းပန္စကား)
1. Come here / go there. Please come here/ go there.
2. Don’t talk. Please don’t talk.
3. Be quiet. Be quiet, please.
4. Tell me what you see. Please tell me what you see.
5. Sit down. Sit down, please.

5.Habitual Actions (အက်င္႔၊ ဓေလ႔၊ စရုိက္မ်ား)

ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင္႔ အက်င္႔၊ ဓေလ႔၊ စရုိက္မ်ားကုိ ေဖာ္ျပေသာ (Frequency Adverbs) ႀကိယာဝိေသသနမ်ား
Always, Never, Often, Frequently, Sometimes, Occasionally, Every......, Usually, Generally, Hardly, Rarely, Seldom, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Yearly, Once/ twice/ three times…. a day/ week/ month/ year, whenever

Always =အၿမဲတမ္း
1. She always tells the truth.
2. He is always polite.
3. I always think of my future.

Never = ဘယ္ေတာ႔မွ၊ တစ္ခါမွ၊ လုံးဝ
1. He never lies to others.
2. I never smoke.
3. He never drinks alcohol.

Often = မၾကာခဏ
1. He often comes to me.
2. I often see him at school.
3. He often calls me.

Frequently = မၾကာခဏ
1. I frequently go and see my mother.
2. He is frequently broke.
3. She frequently feels depressed.

Sometimes = တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ၊ ရံဖန္ရံခါ
1. I sometimes go out at night.
2. Even friends disagree sometimes.
3. The truth is sometimes difficult to get at.

Occasionally = တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ၊ ရံဖန္ရံခါ
1. We see each other occasionally.
2. She phones every week and writes occasionally.
3. I go to bed late occasionally.

Every……= …..တုိင္း
1. He gets up early every morning.
2. I read newspaper every day.
3. She goes to the cinema every week.

Usually= မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔
1. He usually goes to work by bus.
2. I am usually out during the day.
3. She usually goes out on Sundays.

Generally = ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင္႔
1. I generally get up at six.
2. He generally takes a rest on Saturdays.
3. She generally agrees with me.

Hardly = Almost no; Almost not; Almost none= မ…ေလာက္နီးပါး
1. We hardly know each other.
2. He hardly speaks English.
3. She hardly ever goes out at night.

Rarely = Not very often = ရွားရွားပါးပါး ၊ ႀကံဳေတာင္႔ႀကဳံခဲ
1. She is rarely seen in public nowadays.
2. We rarely agree on what to do.
3. The buses are rarely on time.

Seldom = ရွားရွားပါးပါး ၊ ႀကံဳေတာင္႔ႀကဳံခဲ
1. She seldom goes out alone.
2. I seldom watch T.V.
3. The cautious seldom err.

Daily = ေန႔စဥ္ေန႔တုိင္း
1. I walk for my health daily.
2. He reads newspaper daily.
3. The restaurant is open daily.

Weekly = အပတ္စဥ္တုိင္း
1. She goes to the theatre weekly.
2. He visits his parents weekly.
3. Wages are paid weekly.

Monthly = လစဥ္၊ လတုိင္း
1. He goes for a picnic monthly.
2. She gets paid monthly.
3. I call my parents monthly.

Yearly = ႏွစ္စဥ္၊ ႏွစ္တုိင္း
1. I go back to my native town yearly.
2. He celebrates his birthday party yearly.
3. They visit me yearly.

Once/ twice/ three times…. a day/ week/ month/ year = တစ္ရက္/ပတ္/လ/ႏွစ္မွာ တစ္၊ ႏွစ္၊ သုံး.....ႀကိမ္
1. I do physical exercise once a day.
2. He dines out twice a week.
3. She cleans her house twice a month.
4. I go for a check-up three times a year.

Whenever = အခါတုိင္း
1. Whenever they meet, they speak in English.
2. Whenever he needs my help, he comes to me.
3. Whenever I remember you, I look at your photo.

12 Kinds of Tense (ကာလ ၁၂-မ်ုဳိး)

Present Tenses
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Tenses
1. Simple Past Tense
2. Past Continuous Tense
3. Past Perfect Tense
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Tenses
1. Simple Future Tense
2. Future Continuous Tense
3. Future Perfect Tense
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Teen Singer Justin Bieber's Really Really Hit !!!

Kandyan Perahera

The annually-held Perahera is about to be nightly celebrated at the Tooth Relic Temple in Kandy from 15th to 24th this month. I would like to recommend you to come and see it on two final nights if you are of great interest in.

Dear Friends, the following is a short composition of my own expressing my deep feeling on Kandyan Perahera. Why don’t you read it and feel it right now? Hopefully indeed, you might get something new from reading it!

With Best Regards
A Shin Manita





Kandyan Perahera




“Perahera” is a parade in honor of the Buddha’s tooth relic and also one of the three grandest religious festivals of Sri Lanka. It is popularly known as one of the most colorful religious pageants in Asia, too. In reality, it is the most beautiful and spectacular religious one I have ever seen.



In this festival, about one hundred jewel-encrusted elephants and all the traditional forms of music, dance and arts of Sri Lanka can be stunningly seen and startlingly enjoyed at the same time and place. And the tooth temple and compound beautifully and artistically decorated with neon lights at night looks rather like a heavenly abode. Beyond wonder! Beyond compare! Beyond belief!




In fact, the tooth relic of the Buddha is truly worthy of such highest honor and veneration. According to Buddhist history, there were four tooth relics of the Buddha remaining after his demise. Among these four, one is this very tooth relic in Kandy, and the other three ¬--- one in China, one in Tarwatimthar Deva world and one in Naga land. Because of the belief that this is the authentic tooth relic of the Buddha, Sri Lankan Buddhists treasure and venerate it so much as their life. In the same way, the other one that Sri Lankan Buddhists do so is Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura now, which was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India, under which the Buddha attained enlightenment.

In eyes of the Buddhists from the other countries, by nature Sri Lankan Buddhists are really and truly fortunate!






ကႏၵီၿမိဳ႕မွ စြယ္ေတာ္ပူေဇာ္ပြဲ


“ေပရာေဟရ” ဆုိသည္မွာ ဗုဒၶရွင္ေတာ္ျမတ္ရဲ႕ စြယ္ေတာ္ဓာတ္ကုိ ပူေဇာ္တဲ႔အေနျဖင္႔ က်င္းပတဲ႔ စီတန္းလွည္႔လည္ပြဲတစ္ခုျဖစ္ၿပီး သီရိလကၤာႏုိင္ငံရဲ႕ အႀကီးက်ယ္အခမ္းနားဆုံး ဘာသာေရးပြဲသုံးခုထဲမွာ တစ္ခုအပါအဝင္လည္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီပြဲေတာ္ဟာ အာရွရဲ႕ စိတ္ဝင္စားဖြယ္အေကာင္းဆုံး ဘာသာေရးဆုိင္ရာ အလွျပစီတန္းလွည္႔လည္ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖပြဲေတြထဲမွာ တစ္ခုအေနနဲ႔လည္း ထင္ရွားေက်ာ္ၾကားပါတယ္။ အမွန္အတုိင္းေျပာရရင္ ကၽြႏု္ပ္ေတြ႔ဖူးသမွ် ဘာသာေရးပြဲေတြထဲမွာ အလွပဆုံးႏွင္႔ ရင္သပ္ရႈေမာဖြယ္ရာအေကာင္းဆုံး ပြဲေတာ္တစ္ခုပါ။

ဒီပြဲေတာ္တြင္ ရတနာေတြနဲ႔ အလွဆင္ထားတဲ႔ ဆင္အေကာင္တစ္ရာခန္႔ႏွင္႔ သီရိလကၤာႏုိင္ငံရဲ႕ ေတးဂီတႏွင္႔ အကပေဒသာမ်ဳိးစုံအျပင္ အႏုပညာပုံစံအမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးကုိလည္း ရင္သပ္ရႈေမာဖြယ္ရာ တစ္ခ်ိန္တည္း တစ္ေနရာတည္းမွာ ရႈျမင္ခံစားႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ႔ ညအခ်ိန္မွာ ေရာင္စုံမီးေတြနဲ႔ လွလွပပ အႏုပညာလက္ရာေျမာက္စြာ အလွဆင္ထားတဲ႔ စြယ္ေတာ္တုိက္ႏွင္႔ ပရဝုဏ္ၿခံဝင္းဟာလည္း နတ္ဘုံနတ္နန္းအလား ထင္မွားေလာက္စရာပါပဲ။ တကယ္႔ကုိ အံံ႔ၾသလုိ႔မကုန္ႏုိင္စရာပါ! တကယ္႔ကုိ ႏႈိင္းယွဥ္စရာ မရွိပါ! တကယ္႔ကုိ မယုံၾကည္ႏုိင္စရာပါ!


အမွန္အားလည္း ျမတ္ဗုဒၶရဲ႕ စြယ္ေတာ္ဓာတ္ဟာ ဒီလုိ ဂုဏ္ျပဳပူေဇာ္မႈ၊ အေလးအျမတ္ျပဳမႈေတြနဲ႔ တကယ္႔ကုိ ထုိက္တန္ပါတယ္။ ဗုဒၶဘာသာသမိုင္းအလုိအရေျပာရရင္ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶပရိနိဗၺာန္စံဝင္ေတာ္မူၿပီးေနာက္ စြယ္ေတာ္ဓာတ္ ေလးဆူႂကြင္းက်န္ေတာ္မူခဲ႔ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီေလးဆူထဲမွာ တစ္ဆူေသာစြယ္ေတာ္ဟာ ကႏၵီၿမိဳ႕မွ ဤစြယ္ေတာ္ဓာတ္ျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ အျခားသုံးဆူကေတာ႔ တရုတ္ျပည္မွာ တစ္ဆူ၊ တာဝတိႎသာနတ္ျပည္မွာ တစ္ဆူနဲ႔ နဂါးျပည္မွာ တစ္ဆူတုိ႔ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီစြယ္ေတာ္ျမတ္ဟာ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ စြယ္ေတာ္ဓာတ္အစစ္ျဖစ္တယ္ဆုိတဲ႔ ယံုၾကည္ခ်က္ေၾကာင္႔ သီရိလကၤာဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြဟာ စြယ္ေတာ္ျမတ္ကုိ သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕ အသက္နဲ႔ထပ္တူ တန္ဖုိးထား ရုိေသေလးစားၾကပါတယ္။ ထုိနည္းတူစြာ သီရိလကၤာဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြ ဒီလုိအသက္နဲ႔ထပ္တူ ရုိေသေလးစားတန္ဖိုးထားၾကတဲ႔ အျခားအရာတစ္ခုကေတာ႔ အိႏၵိယႏုိင္ငံ ဗုဒၶဂယာရွိ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ သဗၺညဳတေရႊညဏ္ေတာ္ကုိ ရေတာ္မူခဲ႔တဲ႔ မူရင္းေဗာဓိပင္မွ ပင္႔ေဆာင္ခဲ႔ေသာ ယခု အႏုရာဓပူရၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္ရွိ သီရိမဟာေဗာဓိပင္ ပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

အျခားႏုိင္ငံမွ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြရဲ႕ အျမင္အာရုံမွာေတာ႔ သီရိလကၤာဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြဟာ သဘာဝအရပင္ တကယ္ ကံထူူးၾကသူေတြေပါ႔။




Explanations ---


@-- parade = [C] a public celebration of a special day or event, usually with bands in the streets and decorated vehicles = စီတန္းလွည္႔လည္ပြဲ

- In honor (honour-British) of the Buddha’s tooth relic =
In honor of sb/sth = in order to show respect and admiration for sb/sth = ေလးစားဂုဏ္ျပဳပူေဇာ္တဲ႔အေနနဲ႔
- Grand, grander, grandest = ႀကီးက်ယ္ခမ္းနား/ ပုိ၍ ႀကီးက်ယ္ခမ္းနားေသာ/ အႀကီးက်ယ္အခမ္းနားဆုံး

- Colorful (colourful-British) = interesting or exciting; full of variety, sometimes in a way that is slightly shocking = စိတ္ဝင္စားဖြယ္ (သုိ႔) စိတ္လႈပ္ရွားဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ

- Pageant = အလွျပစီတန္းလွည္႔လည္ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖျခင္း/ ပြဲ

- In reality = အမွန္အားျဖင္႔

- Spectacular = very impressive/ breathtaking = ရင္သပ္ရႈေမာဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ

- (That) I have ever seen (Adj Clause) = ကၽြႏု္ပ္ေတြ႔ဖူးသမွ်ေသာ (ပြဲေတာ္ေတြထဲမွာ)။ ဤဝါက်တြင္ that - ကုိ ျမုဳပ္ထားသည္။ အျပည္႔အစုံဆုိရင္ It is the most beautiful and spectacular religious one that I have ever seen. - လုိ႔ေရးရမည္။

@--Jewel-encrusted = ရတနာ(တုိ႔)ျဖင္႔ တန္ဆာဆင္ထားေသာ

Encrusted (with sth) = ဖုံးထား၊ အုပ္ထားေသာ

- stunningly (adv)= stunning(adj) = extremely attractive or impressive = ရင္သပ္ရႈေမာဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ

- Startlingly (adv)= startling (adj) = extremely unusual and surprising = အလြန္႔အလြန္ ထူးျခား၍ အ႔ံၾသဖြယ္၊ ရင္သပ္ရႈေမာဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ

- At the same time and place = တစ္ခ်ိန္တည္း တစ္ေနရာတည္းမွာ

- The tooth temple and compound beautifully and artistically decorated with neon lights at night looks rather like a heavenly abode =
(1) The tooth temple and compound looks rather like a heavenly abode.
(2) It is beautifully and artistically decorated with neon lights at night.
(Non-defining Adj Clause) The tooth temple and compound, which is beautifully and artistically decorated with neon lights at night, looks rather like a heavenly abode.
(Past Participle Adj Phrase) The tooth temple and compound beautifully and artistically decorated with neon lights at night looks rather like a heavenly abode.

- Neon lights = ေရာင္စုံမီးမ်ား
- Look like = တူသည္
- Rather = အေတာ္ေလး
- Heavenly abode = နတ္ဘုံ၊ နတ္နန္း
- Beyond (Prep)= ေက်ာ္လြန္၍
- Wonder = အ႔ံၾသစရာ
- Compare = ႏုိင္းယွဥ္စရာ
- Belief = ယုံၾကည္မႈ


@-- Worthy of sb/sth = having the qualities that deserve sb/sth = ထုိက္တန္ေသာ

- According to sb/sth = …အလုိအရ၊ …ႏွင္႔အညီေျပာရရင္

- Demise = ပရိနိဗၺာန္စံဝင္ျခင္း ၊ ကြယ္လြန္အနိစၥေရာက္ျခင္း

- There were four tooth relics of the Buddha remaining after his demise=
(1) There were four tooth relics of the Buddha.
(2) They were remaining after his demise.
(Adj Clause) There were four tooth relics of the Buddha which are remaining after his demise.
(Present Participle Adj Phrase or Adj Phrase) There were four tooth relics of the Buddha remaining after his demise.

- Among = …မ်ဳိး/ ခု ထဲမွာ

- This very tooth = ထုိ၊ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ This very+N ၊ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ The same+N နဲ႔သုံးတတ္တယ္။ Eg. In this very article, The same book

- Because of sb/sth = ….. ေၾကာင္႔

- Authentic = real and genuine = စစ္မွန္ေသာ

- Treasure = တန္ဖုိးထားသည္။

- Venerate = အမြန္အျမတ္ထားသည္၊ ၾကည္ညဳိေလးစားသည္။

- So much = အလြန္႔အလြန္

- As their life = သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕အသက္လုိ၊ အသက္နဲ႔ထပ္တူ၊ အသက္သမွ်

- In the same way = ထုိနည္းတူ၊ ထုိ႔အတူ

- Do so = treasure and venerate so much

- The other one that Sri Lankan Buddhists do so is Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura now, which was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India.

(1) The other one that Sri Lankan Buddhists do so is Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura now.
(2) It was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India.
(Non-defining Adj Clause) The other one that Sri Lankan Buddhists do so is Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura now, which was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India.

- The Bodhi tree (which) was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India, under which the Buddha attained enlightenment.
(1) The Bodhi tree was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India.
(2) The Buddha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. The Bodhi tree - ဆုိတဲ႔ Noun - ကုိ Which - နဲ႔အစားထုိးလုိက္ေတာ႔ မူရင္း Under - နဲ႔ေပါင္း၍ Under which - ျဖစ္သြားၿပီး သူ႔ဝါက်ရဲ႕ေရွ႕ဆုံးသုိ႔ ပုိ႔လုိက္တဲ႔အခါ under which the Buddha attained enlightenment - ဆုိတဲ႔ Prepositional Relative Clause - ျဖစ္လာတယ္။
(Prepositional Relative Clause or Non-defining Adj Clause)The Bodhi tree was taken from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhagaya, India, under which the Buddha attained enlightenment.

@--In eyes of sb = …… ရဲ႕အျမင္မွာ၊ တြင္
- By Nature = သဘာဝအားျဖင္႔ ၊ သဘာဝအေလွ်ာက္
- Really and truly = တကယ္႔ကုိ
- Fortunate = Lucky = ကံထူး၊ကံေကာင္းသာ

Proverbs (စကားပုံမ်ား) (Part – 2)

11. Seeing is believing.
Used to say that sb will have to believe that sth is true when they see it, although they do not think it is true now
- ကုိယ္ေတြ႔ႀကဳံေတာ႔ ယုံတာေပါ႔ (ဒိ႒ေတြ႔မွ ယုံ)။


12. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
It is better to keep sth that you already have than to risk losing it by trying to get much more.
- လက္ထဲက ငွက္တစ္ေကာင္ဟာ ခ်ဳံထဲက ငွက္ႏွစ္ေကာင္ထက္ အဖုိးတန္ပါတယ္။


13. Blood is thicker than water.
Family relationships are stronger than any others.
- အေရးႀကီးရင္ ေသြးနီး(စည္း)တယ္။
- (Thick ),thicker, (thickest) = ထူေသာ၊ ပ်စ္ခဲေသာ ၊ ပုိ၍ထူ/ပ်စ္ေသာ၊ အထူ/ အပ်စ္ဆံုး
- Thicker than =
Comparative Adj + than = ..... ထက္ပုိ…တယ္။ Eg. He is taller than me.
I am younger than you.


14. Born with a silver spoon in your mouth (You were born with a silver spoon in your mouth.)
Having rich parents
- (မင္းက) ေငြဇြန္းကုိ ပါးစပ္ထဲကုိက္ ေမြးလာတဲ႔အေကာင္ေလ။(မင္းက ေရႊလင္ပန္းနဲ႔ အခ်င္းေဆး မင္းေမြးတဲ႕ လူကုိကြ။ မိဘေတြက က်ိက်ိတက္ ခ်မ္းသာတဲ႔ လူေတြကုိ ရည္ညႊန္းေျပာဆုိသည္။)
- Born = Be born (used only in the passive, without by)= ( Passive Voice အျဖစ္သာသုံးၿပီး by - နဲ႔လည္းတြဲေလ႔မရွိပါ)ေမြးဖြားသည္။
မွတ္ခ်က္ --- တစ္ခ်ဳိ႕က born - ကုိ ေမြးဖြားျခင္းႀကိယာ Bear - ရဲ႕ V3- လုိ႔ထင္ၾကတယ္၊ Bear - ရဲ႕ ႀကိယာပုံစံေတြက Bear(v1) bore(v2) borne(v3) bearing(v4) - တုိ႔ျဖစ္ၾကပါတယ္။ တကယ္ေတာ႔ born – ဟာ V3 - အျဖစ္နဲ႔သာသုံးတဲ႔ ထူူးျခားတဲ႔ ႀကိယာတစ္လုံးျဖစ္ပါတယ္။


15. Boys will be boys.

You should not be surprised when boys or men behave in a noisy or rough way as this is part of typical male behavior.
- ေယာက်ၤား(ေလး)ေတြဟာ ေယာက်ၤား(ေလး)ေတြပါပဲ။ (ေမ်ာက္ေတြ ေဆာ႔တာ အျပစ္မဆုိသာ။ ဆူဆူညံညံနဲ႔ ၾကမ္းၾကမ္းတမ္းတမ္း ျပဳမူတတ္တာဟာ ေယာက်ၤားေတြရဲ႕ပင္ကုိဗီဇျဖစ္လုိ႔ အဲဒီလုိအျပဳအမူမ်ဳိးေတြကို ေတြ႔ရတဲ႔အခါ တအ႔ံတၾသမျဖစ္သင္႔ပါလုိ႔ ရည္ညႊန္းလုိတဲ႔အခါမ်ဳိးမွာ သုံးပါတယ္။)


16. When the cat is away the mice will play.
People enjoy themselves more and behave with greater freedom when the person in charge of them is not there.
- ေၾကာင္မရွိ ႂကြက္ျမဴး။


17. Charity begins at home.
You should help and care for your own family, etc. before you start helping other people.
- ဒါနဟူက အိမ္ကစ။


18. Every cloud has a silver lining.
Every sad or difficult situation has a positive side.
- (ညိဳမည္းေနတဲ႔) တိမ္ေတာင္တိမ္လိပ္တုိင္းမွာ ေငြေရာင္အနားကြပ္ေလးတစ္ခုေတာ႔ ရွိၿမဲပါ။ (ဆုိးဝါးခက္ခဲတဲ႔အေျခအေနတိုင္းမွာလည္း ေကာင္းကြက္ေလးတစ္ခုေတာ႔ ရွိၿမဲပဲ။)
- Silver lining = တိမ္ေတာင္ တိမ္တုိက္ေတြမွာရွိတဲ႔ အျဖဴေရာင္ အနားသတ္


19. Too many cooks spoil the broth.
If too many people are involved in doing sth, it will not be done well.
ဆရာမ်ား သားေသ (လူမ်ား အီးမ်ားတာပဲရွိတယ္)။

- Too many =အလြန္႔အလြန္မ်ားျပားေသာ
- Cook = ထမင္းခ်က္(သူ)
- Spoil = ဖ်က္သည္ ၊ ပ်က္စီးေစသည္။
- Broth = thick soup made by boiling meat or fish and vegetables in water = ခပ္ပ်စ္ပ်စ္ ဟင္းခ်ဳိ


20. Don’t count your chickens (before they are hatched).

You should not be too confident that sth will be successful, because sth may still go wrong.
- မေပါက္ေသးခင္ ၾကက္ကေလးေတြကုိ မေရပါနဲ႔ဦး။ သမီးရမွ ေယာကၡမကြ။
- Count = ေရတြက္သည္။
- Hatch = ဥမွ သားေပါက္သည္။

Inspiring Sayings (Part - 2)

11. Let love be your motivation – the driving force behind everything you do.
သင္လုပ္သမွ်အရာအားလုံးရဲ႕ေနာက္ကြယ္မွာ ေမတၱာတရားကုိ အရင္းခံပါ။
- Motivation = အရင္းခံအေၾကာင္း
- Driving force = တြန္းအား ၊ ေမာင္းႏွင္အား


12. There is a silver lining in everything that happens and in every person too. Challenge yourself with finding it and you will start to see life in a better light.

- ျဖစ္ပ်က္ေနတဲ႔ အရာတုိင္းမွာ ေကာင္းကြက္ေလးတစ္ခုေတာ႔ ရွိစၿမဲပါ၊ လူသားတုိင္းရဲ႕ သႏၱာန္မွာလည္း ေကာင္းကြက္ေလးတစ္ခုေတာ႔ ရွိစၿမဲပဲ။ အဲဒီ ေကာင္းကြက္ေလးကုိ ရွာေဖြတတ္တဲ႔ သတၱိကုိ သင္ကုိယ္တုိင္ ေမြးယူပါ၊ ဒါဆုိရင္ ပုိမုိေကာင္းမြန္တဲ႔ အျမင္နဲ႔ ဘဝကုိ သင္ စတင္ၾကည္႔တတ္လာေတာ႔မွာပါ။
- Silver lining = တိမ္ေတာင္ တိမ္တုိက္ေတြမွာရွိတဲ႔ အျဖဴေရာင္ အနားသတ္ (အဆုိးထဲက အေကာင္းေလးတစ္ခုကို ရည္ညႊန္းေျပာဆုိရာတြင္ သုံးေလ႔ရွိပါတယ္)
- In everything that happens =
That happens (Adj Clause) = ျဖစ္ပ်က္ေနေသာ
- In a better light = ပုိမုိေကာင္းမြန္တဲ႔ အျမင္နဲ႔


13. Appreciation is a wonderful thing; it makes what is excellent in others belong to us as well.
- (အျခားသူေတြရဲ႕ ေကာင္းကြက္ေတြကို) အသိအမွတ္ျပဳ တန္ဖုိးထားတတ္ျခင္းဟာ တကယ္ေကာင္းမြန္တဲ႔ အရာတစ္ခုျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီလုိလုပ္ေဆာင္ျခင္းက အျခားသူေတြမွာရွိတဲ႔ အေကာင္းဆုံးအရာေတြကုိ ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔သႏၱာန္မွာလည္း ပုိင္ဆုိင္ရရွိလာေစမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
- It makes what is excellent in others belong to =
It makes + Obj + V1 = ..... ေစတယ္ ၊ what is excellent in others - ဟာ Noun Clause - ျဖစ္သလုိ make - ရဲ႕ Obj - လည္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အျခားဥပမာတစ္ခုကုိလည္းၾကည္႔ပါ - I know what is right and wrong= ဘယ္ဟာအမွန္၊ ဘယ္ဟာအမွားဆုိတာ ကၽြန္ေတာ္သိပါတယ္။
- Belong to (us, me, you etc.) = ပုိင္ဆုိင္သည္။
- As well = too = လည္းပဲ


14. A truly great man knows that he did not become great by himself, and will share the credit with those who had a part in making him what he is.

- ႀကီးက်ယ္ျမင္႔ျမတ္မႈဆုိတာ သူတစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္တည္းေၾကာင္႔ ျဖစ္လာတာ မဟုတ္ဘူးလုိ႔ တကယ္ႀကီးက်ယ္္ျမင္႔ျမတ္တဲ႔သူက နားလည္ပါတယ္၊ နားလည္တဲ႔အေလွ်ာက္ သူရဲ႕ႀကီးက်ယ္ျမင္႔္ျမတ္မႈ ျဖစ္စဥ္တြင္ တစ္စိတ္တစ္ပိုင္း ပါဝင္ခဲ႔တဲ႔သူေတြနဲ႔ သူရရွိတဲ႔ ခ်ီးက်ဴးဂုဏ္ျပဳမႈေတြကုိ မွ်ေဝခံစားေလ႔ရွိပါတယ္။
- By himself = သူတစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္တည္းျဖင္႔ (သူကုိယ္တုိင္)
- Share / Something / With Somebody = တစ္ခုခုကို တစ္ေယာက္ေယာက္နဲ႔ မွ်ေဝခံစားသည္။ Eg. I am going to share my English knowledge with you.
- Credit = ခ်ီးက်ဴး၊ဂုဏ္ျပဳမႈ
- Those who had a part =
Who had a part (Adj Clause)= တစ္စိတ္တစ္ပိုင္း ပါဝင္ခဲ႔ေသာ
- In making him = သူကုိ ႀကီးက်ယ္ျမင္႔ျမတ္ေစတဲ႔ ျဖစ္စဥ္မွာ/တြင္
- What he is = သူ လက္ရွိျဖစ္/ရေနတဲ႔ အေျခအေနကုိ


15. Look behind you at what you have already accomplished,
…up and believe that the sky will clear,
…down to make sure you’re on the right path,
…ahead and claim victory over every obstacle.

- သင္ေအာင္ျမင္ၿပီးေျမာက္ခဲ႔တာေတြကုိ ေနာက္ျပန္လွည္႔ၾကည္႔လုိက္ပါ၊
အထက္ကုိ ေမာ႔ၾကည္႔၊ ေကာင္းကင္ႀကီး သာယာလာေတာ႔မယ္လုိ႔ ယုံၾကည္ထားလုိက္ပါ၊
သင္ဟာ လမ္းမွန္ေပၚေလွ်ာက္ေနတာဟုတ္ရဲ႕လားဆုိတာ ေသခ်ာေစဖုိ႔ ျပန္စစ္လုိက္ပါဦး၊
ေရွ႕ကုိ ေမွ်ာ္ၾကည္႔၊ အတားအဆီးမွန္သမွ်ရဲ႕အလြန္မွာ ေအာင္ျမင္မႈဆုိတာ ရွိၿမဲပါလုိ႔ ယုံၾကည္စြာ ဖြင္႔ဆုိလုိက္ပါေတာ႔။

- Look (behind) at = (ေနာက္ျပန္လွည္႔) ၾကည္႔သည္။
- Look up = ေမာ႔ၾကည္သည္။
- Look down = ငုံ႔ၾကည္႔သည္။
- Look ahead =ေရွ႕ကုိ မွန္းေမွ်ာ္ၾကည္႔သည္။
- Make sure = ေသခ်ာေစသည္။
- On the right path = လမ္းမွန္ေပၚမွာ(ေလွ်ာက္)
- Obstacle = အတားအဆီး


16. Life is a learning process and making decisions is how we learn. If we never faced any big decisions, we had never learned any big lessons.

- ဘဝဆုိတာ ေလ႔လာသင္ယူေနရတဲ႔ ျဖစ္စဥ္တစ္ခုျဖစ္ၿပီး ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ေတြခ်တယ္ဆုိတာ ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ (ဘဝမွာ)သင္ယူေနတဲ႔ ပံုစံေပါ႔။ ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ႀကီးေတြခ်ဖုိ႔ တစ္ခါမွ မႀကံဳဖူးေသးဘူးဆုိရင္ေတာ႔ ႀကီးမားက်ယ္ျပန္႔တဲ႔ သင္ခန္းစာေတြကုိလည္း ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ တစ္ခါမွ မသင္ယူရေသးဘူးေပါ႔။

- Make a decision( make decisions) = decide
- How we learn = ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ သင္ယူေလ႔လာပုံ/ နည္း(ျဖစ္ပါတယ္)


17. The purpose of our existence is not to make a living, but to make a life.
- ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ အသက္ရွင္ေနျခင္းရဲ႕ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ဟာ (လုပ္ကုိင္စားေသာက္ရင္း) အသက္ရွင္ေနရုံသက္သက္မဟုတ္ဘဲ (လႈပ္ရွားတက္ႂကြ) အဓိပၸာယ္ျပည္႔ဝတဲ႔ ဘဝတစ္ခုကို ဖန္တီးတည္ေဆာက္ဖုိ႔ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
- Existence = Life = ဘဝ


18. Life is an awesome gift. Treasure, enjoy, and make the most of it by taking time for the things that really count.

- ဘဝဆုိတာ တကယ္႔ကုိ လွပေကာင္းမြန္တဲ႔ လက္ေဆာင္တစ္ခုပါ။ (ဒါေၾကာင္႔) ဘဝကုိ တန္ဖုိးထား၊ ဘဝရဲ႕အႏွစ္သာရေတြကုိ သုံးေဆာင္ခံစားၿပီး တကယ္အေရးႀကီးတဲ႔အရာေတြအတြက္ အခ်ိန္ယူၿပီးေတာ႔ ဘဝကုိ အေကာင္းဆုံး အသုံးခ်လိုက္ပါ။
- Awesome = Very good and enjoyable
- Treasure = တန္ဖုိးထားသည္။
- Enjoy = သုံးေဆာင္ခံစားသည္။
- Make the most of it = make the 'most of sth/sb / yourself=to gain as much advantage, enjoyment, etc. as you can from sb/sth= အက်ဳိးတစ္ခုခု၊ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္စရာတစ္ခုခုစသည္ကုိ မ်ားႏုိင္သမွ်မ်ားမ်ား ရေအာင္ အစြမ္းကုန္လုပ္ေဆာင္သည္။
-For the things that really count =
That really count (Adj Clause) = တကယ္အေရးႀကီး/ပါေသာ
-Count = matter = to be very important = အလြန္အေရးႀကီး/ပါသည္။


19. An act of love and kindness may not change the course of history, but if it changes the course of someone’s life, it is worth it.
- ေမတၱာအၾကင္နာနဲ႔ လုပ္လုိက္တဲ႔ အျပဳအမူေလးတစ္ခုက သမုိင္းလမ္းေၾကာင္းကုိေတာ႔ ေျပာင္းသြားေစႏုိင္မွာမဟုတ္ပါဘူး၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ အဲဒီအျပဳအမူေလးက တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ ဘဝလမ္းေၾကာင္းကုိ ေျပာင္းသြားေစမယ္ဆုိရင္ ဒါကုိ လုပ္ထုိက္ပါတယ္။
- Course = လမ္းေၾကာင္း
- Worth =..... ထုိက္ေသာ


20. All changes are difficult and sometimes costly, but if they are good changes, in the long run they pay off.
- အေျပာင္းေတြအားလုံးဟာ ခက္ခဲတတ္တာခ်ည္းပါပဲ၊ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံမွာ ႀကီးႀကီးမားမားေတာင္ ေပးဆပ္ၾကရပါတယ္၊ သုိ႔ေသာ္ ဒါေတြဟာ ေကာင္းတဲ႔ေျပာင္းလဲျခင္းေတြ ျဖစ္တယ္ဆုိရင္ ေရရွည္မွာေတာ႔ ေအာင္ျမင္သြားတာပါပဲ။
- Costly = very expensive = အလြန္ေစ်းႀကီးေသာ
- In the long run = ေရရည္မွာ
- pay off = (of a plan or an action, especially one that involves risk) to be successful and bring good results = အစီအစဥ္တစ္ခု (သုိ႔) လုပ္ငန္းတစ္ခု ေအာင္ျမင္ၿပီး အက်ဳိးအျမတ္ထြက္သည္။ Eg. Our struggle for freedom will pay off one day.

Six Basic Sentences

1. Verb
Eg. Go.
-Come.
-Read.


2. Subject + Verb
Eg.A boy(sub) stands(v).
-He(sub) called(v).
-He(sub) returned(v).


3. Subject + Verb + Complement (Noun / Adjective / Adverb / Phrase)
Eg. He(sub) is(v) a student(noun c).
-She(sub) is(v) a nurse(noun c).
-We(sub) are(v) democrats(noun c). Democrat =ဒီမုိကေရစီ/ဒီမုိကရက္တစ္ပါတီကုိ ေထာက္ခံသူ၊

Eg. He(sub) is(v) smart(adj c).
-She(sub) is(v) kind-hearted(adj c).
-They(sub) are(v) resourceful(adj c). Resourceful = ႀကံရည္ဖန္ရည္ရွိေသာ


Eg. He(sub) is(v) here(adv c).
-She(sub) is(v) over there(adv c).
-They(sub) are(v) somewhere(adv c).


Eg. He(sub) is(v) in the library(phrase c).
-She(sub) is(v) in front of the house(phrase c).
-They(sub) are(v) in good health(phrase c). In good health =healthy


4. Subject + Verb + Object
Eg. I(sub) bought(v) a book(obj).
-He(sub) sings(v) a song(obj).
-We(sub) helped(v) him(obj).


5. Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
Eg. He(sub) gave(v) me(i o) a book(d o).
-She(sub) told(v) the students(i o) a story(d o).
-He(sub) bought(v) me(i o) a motor-bike(d o).


Subject + Verb + Direct Object + To / For Indirect Object

Eg. He(sub) gave(v) a book(d o) to me(i o).
-She(sub) told(v) a story(d o) to the students(i o).
-He(sub) bought(v) a motor-bike(d o) to/ for me(i o).

ရွင္းလင္းခ်က္ ---ေပးသူ(သုိ႔)ေျပာသူ ကတၱားက ေပးတဲ႔ (သုိ႔)ေျပာတဲ႔ အရာနဲ႔ တုိက္ရုိက္ထိေသာေၾကာင္႔ ထုိ Obj - ကုိ Direct Obj- လုိ႔ေခၚၿပီး၊ လက္ခံသူ (သုိ႔)နားေထာင္သူ Obj - ကေတာ႔ ထုိေပးတဲ႔ (သုိ႔) ေျပာတဲ႔အရာဝတၳဳမွတစ္ဆင္႔သာ ထိရေသာေၾကာင္႔ Indirect Obj - လုိ႔ေခၚပါတယ္။ ေယဘုယ်ေရးနည္းကေတာ႔ Direct Obj- ကုိ ေရွ႕ထားရင္ Indirect Obj- ကုိ To (သုိ႔) For ေရွ႕ကခံၿပီး ေရးေလ႔ရွိပါတယ္။

တခ်ဳိ႕က Indirect နဲ႔ Direct Obj - ကုိ သက္ရွိ သက္မဲ႔ အျဖစ္နဲ႔ ခြဲျခားတတ္ၾကပါတယ္၊ အမ်ားအားျဖင္႔ေတာ႔ မွန္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ႔ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံမွာ Obj - ႏွစ္ခုလုံးက သက္မဲ႔ခ်ည္းျဖစ္ေနတတ္ပါတယ္။ ဥပမာ - Culture gives dignity to the nation. ယဥ္ေက်းမႈက ႏုိင္ငံကုိ ဂုဏ္တက္ေစပါတယ္။


6.Subject + Verb + Object + Complement

Eg. We(sub) made(v) U Mg Mg(obj) a president(noun c). ကၽြန္ေတာ္တုိ႔ ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ကုိ ဥကၠ႒ခန္႔လုိက္ၾကတယ္။
-I(sub) named(v) him(obj) Mg Shwe Win(noun c). ကၽြန္ေတာ္ သူ႔ကုိ ေမာင္ေရႊဝင္းလို႔ အမည္ေပးလုိက္တယ္။
-I(sub) called(v) this (obj) A Program For the Better English(noun c). ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ဒီဟာကုိ အဂၤလိပ္စာ(အေရးအသား) ပုိမုိေကာင္းမြန္လာေစေရး အစီအစဥ္လုိ႔ မွည္႔ေခၚထားပါတယ္။


Eg. The sun(sub) keeps(v) us(obj) warm(adj c). ေနဟာ ကၽြႏု္ပ္တုိ႔ကုိ ေႏြးေထြးေစပါတယ္။
-It(sub) makes(v)me(obj) young(adj c). ဒါက ကၽြႏ္ုပ္ကုိ ႏုပ်ဳိေစပါတယ္။
-He(sub) found(v) his box(obj) empty(adj c). သူ သူ႔ေသတၱာ ဗလာက်င္းေနတာကုိ ေတြ႔ခဲ႔ရတယ္။


Eg. I(sub) put(v) the box(obj) here(adv c). ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ေသတၱာကုိ ဒီမွာ ထားခဲ႔တာ။
-You(sub) should not write(v) it(obj) there(adv c). ခင္မ်ား ဒါကုိ အဲဒီေနရာမွာ မေရးသင္႔ဘူး။
-You(sub) will find(v) it(obj) somewhere(adv c). ခင္မ်ား ဒါကုိ တစ္ေနရာရာမွာ ရွာေတြ႔မွာပါ။


Eg. You(sub) make(v) me(obj) at sea(phrase c). ခင္မ်ားက ကၽြန္ေတာ္ကုိ ရႈပ္ေထြးေတြေဝေစတာပဲ။
-You(sub) should keep(v) your money(obj) in a savings account(phrase c). ခင္မ်ား ေငြေတြကုိ ေငြစုဘဏ္စာရင္းနဲ႔ သိမ္းထားသင္႔တယ္။
-I(sub) want to build(v) a house(obj) in a green and quiet place(phrase c). စိမ္းလန္းၿပီး တိတ္ဆိတ္တဲ႔ ေနရာေလးတစ္ေနရာမွာ အိမ္တစ္လုံးေလာက္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ေဆာက္ခ်င္တယ္။

Publically announced!!!

My Dear Friends,

All Blessings To You All!


Ever-Helper
English-Learning Blog!

As a matter of fact, this blog has been created with the help of a friend of mine, A Shin Kusalasami, for one month or since July 1st, exactly. Shortly afterwards, I devoted almost all my time of July to writing for my blog. As a result, now on my blog there have been about 14 posts that might be learnt by elementary or intermediate English-learners. So, dear friends, you are cordially invited to visit my blog and learn English at least once (http://ashinmanita.blogspot.com/). Perhaps, you may find it interesting or useful or boring or useless, I think, it depends on what you need or what you seek.


In truth, the driving-force to run this blog is none but my intrinsic will to share my knowledge with others, not because I am a master of English. Therefore, this blog is not really aimed at advanced learners or masters of English.


The Best or Much more is yet to come soon!!!



May All of You Wear the Crown of Success in Your English-Studies!

With Kind Regards
A Shin Manita

A Great Success Can’t Be Overnight!

The heights by great men reached and kept

Were not attained by sudden flight;

But they, while their companions slept,

Were toiling upwards in the night.

A word to readers ---The title of this poem is added to, since it is originally with no title.

It is from the WISE SAYINGS Section (page–24) of a Buddhist booklet called BUDDHISM A LIVING MESSAGE and is just quoted “From the Sanskrit” in there, without identifying its real original.
With Metta
A Shin Manita




ႀကီးက်ယ္တဲ႔ ေအာင္ျမင္မႈဆုိတာ ေန႔ခ်င္းညခ်င္း ျဖစ္မလာ


ႀကီးျမတ္သူဟူသမွ်တုိ႔၊ ယူၾကသည္႔ျမတ္ေနရာ
ေရွာင္တခင္ ခုခ်က္ခ်င္း၊ လွ်င္းမရပါ၊
မ်ားသူတို႔အိပ္ေနရာ၊ ညအခါမွာပင္ သူမနား၊
အျမင္႔ကုိသူျမင္လုိ႔၊ သူ႔အစဥ္ ႏွစ္ဆတုိးလုိ႔
ႀကိဳးကုတ္ေလသား။
(အဂၤလန္ဆရာေတာ္ ဦးဥာဏိက)



Explanations …


@-- The heights by great men reached and kept
Were not attained by sudden flight;
(1) The heights were not attained by sudden flight.
(2)They (the heights) were reached and kept by great men.
(Adj Clause)The heights which were reached and kept by great men were not attained by sudden flight.
(Past Participle Adj Phrase) The heights reached and kept by great men were not attained by sudden flight.
တကယ္ေတာ႔ by great men- က သူ႔ဝါက်ရဲ႕အဆုံးမွာ ေနရမွာပါ။ ဒါေပမဲ႔ ကဗ်ာျဖစ္၍ ပထမေၾကာင္းအဆုံး kept- နဲ႔ ေနာက္တစ္ေၾကာင္းေက်ာ္က slept-တုိ႔ ကာရန္ညီေစရန္ ေရွ႕နားကုိ ေရြ႕ထားတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

@-- By sudden flight =ရုတ္တရက္ တစ္ခုန္တစ္လႊားျဖင္႔ (သုိ႔) ပုတ္ပူမီးတုိက္ ႀကဳိးစားရုံ၊ ေကာက္ရုိးမီး လုံးလဝီရိယမ်ဳိးျဖင္႔


@-- They, while their companions slept,
Were toiling upwards in the night.
-They were toiling upwards in the night while their companions slept.

@-- Toil = (1) to work hard and / or for a long time, usually doing hard physical work= ႀကိဳးႀကဳိးစားစား (သုိ႔) အခ်ိန္အၾကာႀကီး အလုပ္လုပ္သည္၊ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔ ကာယအလုပ္ႀကိဳးစားျခင္း။
(2) Toil+ [Adv. / Prep.] = to move slowly and with difficulty= ျဖည္းျဖည္းေႏွးေႏွးႏွင္႔ ခက္ခက္ခဲခဲ ေရြ႕သည္။

Noteworthy Notes!

To my eyes, these notes are noteworthy indeed, so, they are logically named Noteworthy Notes!

These notes come originally from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 7th Edition. Almost all of them are direct translations, yet a few examples are added with the intention of making the learners understand more clearly. And also the original notes in the Oxford Dictionary are taken so that the advanced learners may learn the originals only.

With Metta,
A Shin Manita





Which Word?
Above / Over

~ Above and over can both be used to describe a position higher than something:
Eg. They built a new room above / over the garage.


~ When you are talking about movement from one side of something to the other, you can only use over:
Eg. They jumped over the stream.


~ Over can also mean ‘covering’:
Eg. He put a blanket over the sleeping child.


~ Above and over can also mean ‘more than’.


~ Above is used in relation to a minimum level or a fixed point:
Eg. 2000 feet above sea level.
Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight.


~ Over is used with numbers, ages, money and time:
Eg. He’s over 50.
It costs over £100.
We waited over 2 hours.




ဘယ္ေနရာမွာ ဘယ္စကားလုံးကုိ ဘယ္လုိသုံးမလဲ


Above / Over


~ Above and over can both be used to describe a position higher than something: Above ႏွင္႔ over- ႏွစ္မ်ဳိးလုံးကုိ ပုိျမင္႔တဲ႔ အေနထားတစ္ခုကုိ ေဖာ္ျပဖုိ႔ သုံးႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
Eg. They built a new room above / over the garage. သူတုိ႔ ကားဂိုေဒါင္ေပၚမွာ အခန္းသစ္တစ္ခု ေဆာက္လုိက္တယ္။


~ When you are talking about movement from one side of something to the other, you can only use over: တစ္ဘက္မွ အျခားတစ္ဘက္သုိ႔ ျဖတ္ကူးတဲ႔ လႈပ္ရွားမႈကုိ ေျပာတဲ႔အခါမွာေတာ႔ Over - ကုိသာ သုံးႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
Eg. They jumped over the stream. သူတို႔ စမ္းေခ်ာင္းကုိ ခုန္ကူးသြားၾကတယ္။


~ Over can also mean ‘covering’: Over - ဟာ လႊမ္းၿခဳံျခင္း အဓိပၸာယ္လည္း သက္ေရာက္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။
Eg. He put a blanket over the sleeping child. အိပ္ေနတဲ႔ ကေလးအေပၚမွာ သူေစာင္တစ္ထည္ ၿခဳံေပးလုိက္တယ္။


~ Above and over can also mean ‘more than’. Above ႏွင္႔ Over- တုိ႔ဟာ …ထက္ပုိ(ေက်ာ္)တဲ႔ အဓိပၸာယ္လည္း သက္ေရာက္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။


~ Above is used in relation to a minimum level or a fixed point: အနိမ္႔ဆုံးအဆင္႔ (သို႔) မူေသသတ္မွတ္ခ်က္တစ္ခုနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ႔ေနရာမွာ Above- ကုိ သုံးတယ္။
Eg. 2000 feet above sea level= ပင္လယ္ေရမ်က္ႏွာျပင္ထက္ အျမင္႔ေပ ၂၀၀၀-(မွာ)
-Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight. ဒီညေတာ႔ အပူခ်ိန္(ေတြ)ဟာ သုညအထက္ တက္လာမွာမဟုတ္ဘူး။


~ Over is used with numbers, ages, money and time: ဂဏန္းသခ်ၤာ၊ အသက္၊ ေငြေၾကး၊ အခ်ိန္ေတြနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လွ်င္ Over- ကုိသုံးတယ္။
Eg. He’s over 50. သူ အသက္ ငါးဆယ္ေက်ာ္ၿပီ။
-It costs over £100. ဒါ စတာလင္ေပါင္ ၁၀၀- ေက်ာ္က်တယ္။
-We waited over 2 hours. တုိ႔ ၂- နာရီေက်ာ္ေက်ာ္ ေစာင္႔ခဲ႔တယ္။




Synonyms

Action

Move / Act / Gesture / Deed / Feat
~ These are all words for a thing that sb does.

~ Action a thing that sb does:
Eg. Her quick action saved the child's life.


~ Move (used especially in journalism) an action that you do or need to do to achieve sth:
Eg. They are waiting for the results of the opinion polls before deciding their next move.


~ Act a thing that sb does:
Eg. An act of kindness



Action or Act?
~ These two words have the same meaning but are used in different patterns.


~ An act is usually followed by of and/or used with an adjective.


~ Action is not usually used with of but is often used with his, her, etc.:
Eg. A heroic act of bravery (Not,a heroic action of bravery)
-His heroic actions / acts during the war


~ Action often combines with take but act does not: (Not, We shall take whatever acts are necessary.)


~ Gesture a thing that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention:
Eg. They sent some flowers as a gesture of sympathy.


~ Deed (formal literary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad:
Eg. Heroic / evil deeds


~ Feat (approving) an action or piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage:
Eg. The tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering.


~ A(n) act / gesture / feat of sth



~ To perform a(n) action / act / deed / feat


~ To make a move / gesture


~ A heroic / brave / daring action / move / act / gesture / deed / feat


~ A kind / charitable / generous action / act / gesture / deed


~ A(n) evil / terrible action / act / deed




စကားပရိယာယ္မ်ား

Action


Move / Act / Gesture / Deed / Feat
~ These are all words for a thing that sb does.
ဒါေတြအားလုံးဟာ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ လႈပ္ရွားလုပ္ေဆာင္မႈတစ္ခုခုကုိ ေဖာ္ညႊန္းတဲ႔ ေဝါဟာရေတြျဖစ္ပါတယ္။


~ Action a thing that sb does: Action- ဆုိတာ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ အျပဳအမူ၊ လုပ္ေဆာင္မႈတစ္ခုျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. Her quick action saved the child's life. ဒီကေလးရဲ႕ အသက္ကုိ သူမရဲ႕ သြက္လက္တဲ႔ လႈပ္ရွားမႈက ကယ္လုိက္တာပါ။


~ Move (used especially in journalism) an action that you do or need to do to achieve sth: Move (အထူးသျဖင္႔ သတင္းစာ၊ စာနယ္ဇင္းတုိ႔တြင္ သုံး)- ဆုိတာ လုပ္ရေသာ (သို႔) ေအာင္ျမင္မႈတစ္ခုခုရရန္ လုပ္ဖုိ႔လုိအပ္ေသာ အလုပ္တစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. They are waiting for the results of the opinion polls before deciding their next move. သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕ ေနာက္လႈပ္ရွားလုပ္ေဆာင္မႈတစ္ခုကုိ မဆုံးျဖတ္ခင္ သူတုိ႔ဟာ လူထုသေဘာထား စစ္တမ္းနမူနာေကာက္ယူမႈ ရလဒ္ေတြကုိ ေစာင္႔ေနၾကတယ္။


~ Act a thing that sb does: Act- ဆုိတာ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ အျပဳအမူ၊လုပ္ေဆာင္မႈတစ္ခုျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
-An act of kindness = ၾကင္နာတဲ႔အျပဳအမူတစ္ခု


Action or Act?
~ These two words have the same meaning but are used in different patterns. ဒီေဝါဟာရႏွစ္ခုက အဓိပၸာယ္တူပါတယ္၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ သုံးတဲ႔ပုံစံမွာေတာ႔ ကြဲတယ္။


~ An act is usually followed by of and/or used with an adjective. Act- ရဲ႕ေနာက္က Of- လုိက္ေလ႔ရိွပါတယ္ (သို႔) သူကုိ Adj- နဲ႔တြဲ႔သုံးေလ႔ရိွပါတယ္။
-An act of kindness / [an act of sheer obstinacy / an act of genuine humility
/a gracious act of God
- A magic act / a callous act / an immoral act]


~ Action is not usually used with of but is often used with his, her, etc.: မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔ Action- ကုိ Of- နဲ႔သုံးေလ႔မရွိပါ၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ His, Her စတဲ႔ နာမ္စား ေတြနဲ႔ေတာ႔ မၾကာခဏ သုံးတတ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. A heroic act of bravery = ရဲရင္႔ သူရဲေကာင္းဆန္တဲ႔ လုပ္ရပ္
(A heroic action of bravery-လုိ႔မေရးရ)
-His heroic actions / acts during the war= စစ္အတြင္းက သူ႔ရဲ႕ သူရဲေကာင္းဆန္(ရဲရင္႔)တဲ႔ လုပ္ရပ္မ်ား


~ Action often combines with take but act does not: Action- က Take- နဲ႔တြဲ႔ေလ႔ရွိတယ္၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ Act- ကေတာ႔ တြဲ႔ေလ႔မရွိဘူး။
(We shall take whatever acts are necessary- လုိ႔ေရးေလ႔မရွိပါ။)


~ Gesture a thing that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention: Gesture- ဆုိတာ ေျပာတဲ႔ (သို႔) ထူးျခားတဲ႔ ခံစားခ်က္(သုိ႔) ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္တစ္ခုကုိ ေဖာ္ထုတ္ေျပာဆုိတဲ႔ လုပ္ရပ္တစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. They sent some flowers as a gesture of sympathy. သူတုိ႔ဟာ ထပ္တူဝမ္းနည္းေၾကကြဲေၾကာင္းေဖာ္ျပတဲ႔အေနနဲ႔ ပန္း(စည္း)မ်ား ေပးပုိ႔ၾကတယ္။


~ Deed (formal literary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad: Deed (စာေပ အခန္႔သုံး)- ဆုိတာ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ အလြန္ေကာင္း (သုိ႔)အလြန္ဆုိးတယ္လုိ႔ ေယဘုယ်ဆုိႏိုင္တဲ႔ လုပ္ရပ္တစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. Heroic / evil deeds = အလြန္ရဲရင္႔ / အလြန္ယုတ္မာဆုိးဝါးတဲ႔ လုပ္ရပ္မ်ား


~ Feat (approving) an action or piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage: Feat(ႏွစ္သက္သေဘာက်မႈျပ)-ဆုိတာ ကၽြမ္းက်င္မႈ၊ အင္အား (သို႔) သတၱိတုိ႔လုိအပ္တဲ႔ အလုပ္(လုပ္ရပ္)တစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Eg. The tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering. ဒီဥမင္ လုိဏ္ေခါင္းကေတာ႔ တကယ္ထူးျခားေျပာင္ေျမာက္တဲ႔ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာ လက္ရာပါပဲ။


~ A(n) act / gesture / feat of sth
Eg. An act of kindness / a gesture of defiance, a gesture of goodwill /
a remarkable feat of strength


~ To perform a(n) action / act / deed / feat = အလုပ္၊ စြမ္းေဆာင္ခ်က္တစ္ခုခုကုိ လုပ္သည္။


~ To make a move / gesture =တစ္ခုခု လႈပ္ရွားေဆာင္ရြက္သည္/ လက္ဟန္ေျခဟန္ျပသည္။


~ A heroic / brave / daring action / move / act / gesture / deed / feat= သူရဲေကာင္းဆန္ / ရဲစြမ္းသတၱိရွိ၊ ရဲဝံ႔စြန္႔စားေသာ လုပ္ရပ္၊ စြမ္းေဆာင္ခ်က္တစ္ခု


~ A kind / charitable / generous action / act / gesture / deed= ၾကင္နာ၊ ရက္ေရာ၊ သေဘာထားႀကီးေသာ အျပဳအမူ၊ လုပ္ရပ္တစ္ခု


~ A(n) evil / terrible action / act / deed= အလြန္ဆုိးဝါးယုတ္မာ၊ ေၾကာက္မက္ဖြယ္ေကာင္းေသာ အျပဳအမူ၊ လုပ္ရပ္တစ္ခု

The Guiding Principle of Becoming The Buddha

Compassion is the guiding principle in the Dispensation of the Buddha. It was compassion that moved his heart towards the “Great renunciation” and opened for him the doors of the golden cage of his home life. It was compassion that made his determination unshakable even by the last parting glance at his beloved wife asleep with their babe in her arms. The heart-throb of an agonized and ailing humanity found a responsive echo in his own heart. The more he came in contact with the world, the more convinced he became that the world was lacking in true happiness.

The Lord of Compassion made up his mind to reveal unto a sorrow-stricken world what he had realized. Therefore, journeying from village to village, from town to town, he instructed, enlightened and gladdened the many and for forty-five years worked for the weal and happiness of mankind.

Acknowledgement --- This short but beautiful composition is taken from a Buddhist booklet called BUDDHISM A LIVING MESSAGE by Thera Piyadassi and re-written with a little bit of change.

Ashin Manita





ဘုရားျဖစ္လာရတဲ႔ ပဓာနအေၾကာင္းတရား


ကရုဏာတရားဟာ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶရဲ႕သာသနာေတာ္မွာ ပဓာနအေၾကာင္းတရားျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ထုိကရုဏာတရားကပဲ သူ႔ရဲ႕ လူ႔ေဘာင္ဘဝ ေရႊေလွာင္အိမ္တံခါးေတြကုိ ဖြင္႔ေပးခဲ႔ၿပီး မဟာစြန္႔လႊတ္မႈႀကီးဆီသုိ႔ သူ႔ရဲ႕ ႏွလုံးသားကုိ ေဆာင္က်ဥ္းေပးခဲ႔တာပါ။ ထုိကရုဏာတရားကပဲ သားငယ္ကုိ ရင္ခြင္ပုိက္ ႏွစ္ႏွစ္ၿခိဳက္ၿခိဳက္ အိပ္ေပ်ာ္ေနတဲ႔ ဇနီးခ်စ္အေပၚမွာ သူ႔ရဲ႕ ေနာက္ဆုံးခြဲခြါအၾကည္႔ကေတာင္မွ မတုန္လႈပ္ေစႏုိင္ခဲ႔တဲ႔ ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ကုိ ခ်ေစခဲ႔တာပါ။ လူတုိင္းရဲ႕အသည္းေၾကာ္ ဘုရားအေလာင္းေတာ္ဟာ ျမည္တြန္ေတာက္တီး ငုိညည္းေနၾကတဲ႔ ေလာကႀကီးထဲက ပဲ႔တင္သံတစ္ခု သူ႔ရဲ႕ႏွလုံးသားသုိ႔ ရုိက္ခတ္လာတာကုိ သူသတိျပဳမိလုိက္ပါတယ္။ သူဟာ ေလာကႀကီးနဲ႔ အထိအေတြ႔ ပုိမ်ားလာေလေလ၊ ေလာကႀကီးမွာ စစ္မွန္တဲ႔ ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္မႈ လုိအပ္ေနတာကုိ ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာ ပုိသိလာေလေလ ျဖစ္လာပါတယ္။


ကရုဏာရွင္ ဗုဒၶဟာ သူသိခဲ႔သမွ်တရားေတြကို ပူေဆြးေသာကေတြနဲ႔ ႏွိပ္စက္ခံေနရတဲ႔ ေလာကလူသားတို႔အား ထုတ္ေဖာ္ေဟာၾကားဖုိ႔ စိတ္ပုိင္းျဖတ္ေတာ္မူခဲ႔ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူဟာ တစ္ရြာမွ တစ္ရြာ၊ တစ္ၿမိဳ႕မွ တစ္ၿမိဳ႕ ခရီးလွည္႔လည္ကာ မ်ားစြာေသာ ေဝေနယ်သတၱဝါတုိ႔အား လမ္းညႊန္ျပသ၍ ညဏ္အလင္းေရာင္ကုိ ရေစ၊ ရႊင္လန္းဝမ္းေျမာက္ေစခဲ႔ၿပီး လူသားေတြရဲ႕ ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္မႈႏွင္႔ ေကာင္းက်ဳိးခ်မ္းသာအတြက္ ေလးဆယ္႔ငါးႏွစ္တုိင္တုိင္ မေနမနား အလုပ္လုပ္ေတာ္မူခဲ႔ပါတယ္။




Explanations---


@--Dispensation = (technical) religious system that operates in a country at a particular time = သာသနာ


@--It was compassion that moved his heart towards the “Great renunciation” and opened for him the doors of the golden cage of his home life.
-It is / was…… that……. Emphatic Pattern - ေလးနက္ေအာင္ ေဖာ္ျပလုိတဲ႔အခါေတြမွာ အသုံးျပဳတယ္။ Eg. It is on the internet that everything is available.


@--That made his determination unshakable even by the last parting glance.
-(1) It made his determination. (2) It was unshakable even by the last parting glance. (Adj Clause) It made his determination which was unshakable even by the last parting glance. (Adj Phrase) It made his determination unshakable even by…..


@--That made his determination unshakable even by the last parting glance at his beloved wife asleep with their babe in her arms.
-(1) His beloved wife (Not a sentence). (2) She was asleep with their babe in her arms. (Adj Clause) His beloved wife who was asleep with their babe in her arms. (Adj Phrase) His beloved wife asleep with…..


@-- Babe = (old use) = a baby


@-- The heart-throb = (used especially in newspapers) a famous man, usually an actor or a singer, that a lot of women find attractive = အသည္းေၾကာ္၊ ပ်ဳိတုိင္းႀကိဳက္တဲ႔ ႏွင္းဆီခုိင္


@--Agonized and ailing = ျမည္တြန္ေတာက္တီး ငုိညည္းေနေသာ


@--Responsive echo = တုန္႔ျပန္ပဲ႔တင္သံ


@--The more he came in contact with the world, the more convinced he became that the world was lacking in true happiness.
-The more Adj +Sentence, the more Adj +Sentence Eg. The more self-confident you are, the more successful you will be.
-The +Comparative Adj, the+Comparative Adj Eg. The earlier, the better.
-The more +Sentence, the more +Sentence Eg. The more you study, the more you know.


@--(Be) + In contact with = ထိေတြ႔ဆက္ဆံသည္။


@--Convinced = [not before noun] completely sure about sth = လုံးဝေသခ်ာေသာ ၊ ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာ


@--Lacking in = having none or not enough of sth = ဘာမွမရွိေသာ (သို႔) မလုံေလာက္ေသာ


@--Make up someone’s mind = ဆုံးျဖတ္သည္၊ စိတ္ပုိင္းျဖတ္သည္။


@--Unto = to or towards


@--Sorrow-stricken = (in compounds) seriously affected by the thing mentioned = ဖိစီးႏိွပ္စက္ခံေနရေသာ Eg. poverty-stricken families


@--The many = The + Adj = Plural Noun = လူအမ်ား


@--Weal = ေကာင္းက်ဳိးခ်မ္းသာ

A Yet Greater Disease Than The greatest Present-day Diseases!

From Jetavana Monastery the Buddha surveys the world and sees a poor man ripe for attaining stream-entry in Ālavi. So, after daybreak, he leaves for Aggālava Monastery with five hundred bhikkhus.


On hearing the arrival of the Buddha, the poor man is eager to listen to the Dhamma. Coincidentally, however, his ox is astray then. So, he thinks ,“ Shall I listen to the Teacher or search for my ox? I will first find my ox and hear the Dhamma”.


After the meal is over, the Buddha waits for the poor man to come.


As the daylight fades, he finds his ox and immediately takes it back, and ties it up. Then, he thinks, “It is too late to hear the Dhamma, but I will, at least, pay my respects to the Teacher.” Then, in spite of being extremely hungry, he decides to go directly to see the Buddha and hurries to the hall, pays obeisance to the Buddha at once, and sits down at one side.


Then the Buddha tells the steward to serve the poor man some food if there is any alms-food remaining from the monks’ meal. The steward does as the Buddha wishes.


After eating, his physical suffering is relieved, and his mind becomes calm. Very soon afterwards, he listens to a gradual discourse of the Buddha. At the end of the discourse, he attains stream-entry.


And then the Buddha offers Anumodana and leaves with the bhikkhus.


On the way some of the bhikkhus are angry and grumbles about how the Buddha did regarding the poor man, since they are not able to understand seeing such kind of behavior of the Buddha for the very first time.


Then the Buddha clarifies the controversial points to the bhikkhus in detail.


Finally, the Buddha tells the bhikkhus, “When he finally came to see me, he had not eaten at all. I knew that, if I were to teach the Dhamma while he was suffering from hunger, he would not have been able to understand it. Therefore, I asked that he be fed. There is no pain like the pain of hunger,” reciting the following verse:

Hunger is the greatest disease;
Conditioned things are the greatest suffering.
For one who understands this as it really is,
Nibbāna is the greatest bliss.

– Dhammapada Verse 203
(The Story of a Hungry Man)





မ်က္ေမွာက္ေခတ္ အဆိုးဝါးဆုံးေရာဂါေတြထက္ ပုိဆိုးတဲ႔
ေရာဂါတစ္ခု ရွိပါေသးသတဲ႔



ဗုဒၶရွင္ေတာ္ျမတ္ဟာ ေဇတဝန္ေက်ာင္းေတာ္မွ ကမၻာေလာကႀကီးကုိ ၾကည္႔ေတာ္မူလုိက္ေတာ႔ အာဠဝီျပည္က ေသာတာပတၱိမဂ္၊ဖုိလ္ ရခ်ိ္န္တန္ေနတဲ႔ ဆင္းရဲသားေယာက်္ားတစ္ေယာက္ကို ျမင္ေတာ္မူပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူဟာ နံနက္မုိးေသာက္ အလင္းေရာက္ၿပီးေနာက္ ေနာက္ပါရဟန္းေတာ္ ငါးရာႏွင္႔အတူ အဂၢါလဝ ေက်ာင္းေတာ္သုိ႔ ႂကြေတာ္မူပါတယ္။


ျမတ္စြာဘုရား ေရာက္ေတာ္မူတာကုိ ၾကားေတာ႔ ဆင္းရဲသားေယာက်္ားဟာ တရားနာလုိတဲ႔ဆႏၵ ျပင္းျပ လာပါေတာ႔တယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ႔ တုိက္ဆုိင္ခ်င္ေတာ႔ အဲဒီအခ်ိန္မွာ သူ႔႔ရဲ႕ႏြားက ေပ်ာက္ေနပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူစဥ္းစားတာက “ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ တရားေတာ္ကုိပဲ နားရမလား ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ႏြားပဲသြားရွာရမလား။ ေအး ဟုတ္ၿပီ၊ အရင္ ႏြားသြားရွာမယ္ ၿပီးမွ တရားနာမယ္” ေပါ႔။


ဆြမ္းဘုန္းေပးေတာ္မူၿပီးေတာ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ဟာ ဆင္းရဲသားေရာက္အလာကုိ ေစာင္႔ေနေတာ္မူပါတယ္။


ဆင္းရဲသားဟာ ညေနမုိးခ်ဳပ္ေတာ႔မွ ႏြားကုိေတြ႔ပါတယ္၊ ခ်က္ခ်င္းပဲ ႏြားကုိ ျပန္ဆြဲလာၿပီး ခ်ည္ထားလုိက္ပါတယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ႔ သူစဥ္းစားတာက “တရားနာဖုိ႔ေတာ႔ အရမ္းေနာက္က်သြားၿပီ၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ ဘာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ အနည္းဆုံးေတာ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကုိေတာ႔ ဖူးရတာေပါ႔”။ အဲဒီအခ်ိန္မွာ သူအရမ္းဗုိက္ဆာေနပါၿပီ၊ ဒါေပမဲ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကုိ ခ်က္ခ်င္း သြားဖူးဖုိ႔ ဆုံးျဖတ္လုိက္ၿပီး ဓမၼသာလာရွိရာသုိ႔ ေျခသုတ္တင္ ပါေတာ႔တယ္၊ ခ်က္ခ်င္း ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကုိ ရွိခုိးၿပီးေတာ႔ ေဘးတစ္ဖက္မွာ ဝင္ထုိင္လုိက္ပါတယ္။


အဲဒီအခ်ိန္မွာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္က ကပၸိယကာရက(ပစၥည္းထိန္း)ကို ရဟန္းေတြ က်န္တဲ႔ဆြမ္းထဲက အက်န္အႂကြင္းအနည္းငယ္ရွိရင္ ဆင္းရဲသားကုိ ေကၽြးလုိက္ဖုိ႔ မိန္႔ေတာ္မူလုိက္ပါတယ္။ ကပၸိယကာရကလည္း ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ဆႏၵေတာ္အတုိင္း ေကၽြးလုိက္ပါတယ္။


အစာစားၿပီးတဲ႔ေနာက္မွာေတာ႔ သူ႔ရဲ႕ ကုိယ္ခႏၶာပင္ပန္းမူ သက္သာသြားကာ စိတ္လည္း တည္ၿငိမ္လာပါတယ္။ အဲဒီေနာက္ ဆက္တုိက္ဆုိသလုိပဲ သူဟာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ တရားေဒသနာအစဥ္ကုိ နားၾကားပါတယ္။ တရားေတာ္ ၿပီးဆုံးတဲ႔အခါမွာေတာ႔ သူဟာ ေသာတာပတၱိမဂ္ဖုိလ္သုိ႔ ေရာက္ရွိသြားပါတယ္။

ဒီေနာက္မွာေတာ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ဟာ အႏုေမာဒနာတရား ေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူၿပီး ရဟန္းေတြနဲ႔အတူ ျပန္ႂကြေတာ္မူပါတယ္။


ျပန္ႂကြရာ လမ္းခရီးမွာ ရဟန္းအခ်ဳိ႕ဟာ ဆင္းရဲသားအေပၚမွာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ ျပဳမူခဲ႔ပုံနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လုိ႔ မေက်မနပ္ျဖစ္ကာ တီးတုိးေျပာဆိုၾကပါတယ္၊ ဘာေၾကာင္႔လဲဆုိေတာ႔ ပထမဆုံးအႀကိမ္ေတြ႔လုိက္ရတဲ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ ဒီလုိအျပဳအမူမ်ဳိးကုိ သူတုိ႔ နားမလည္ႏုိင္ၾကေသာေၾကာင္႔ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။


ထုိအခါ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ဟာ အခ်ဳိ႕ရဟန္းေတြအတြက္ မရွင္းမလင္းျဖစ္ေနတဲ႔ အခ်က္ေတြကို ရွင္းလင္းေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူပါတယ္။


ေနာက္ဆုံးမွာေတာ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ဟာ ရဟန္းေတြကုိ “ေနာက္ဆုံး ငါဘုရားရွင္ကုိ ဖူးေျမာ္ဖုိ႔ လာတဲ႔အခ်ိန္မွာ ဆင္းရဲသားဟာ ဘာမွမစားခဲ႔ရေသးဘူး။ ဆာေလာင္မူဒဏ္ကို ျပင္းထန္စြာ ခံစားေနရခ်ိန္မွာ ငါဘုရား သူ႔ကုိ တရားေဟာရင္လည္း သူ တရားကုိ သေဘာေပါက္ နားလည္ႏုိင္မွာမဟုတ္ဘူး ဆုိတာ ငါဘုရား သိေတာ္မူတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူ႔ကို ေကၽြးေမြးဖုိ႔ ငါဘုရား မိန္႔ေတာ္မူျခင္း ျဖစ္တယ္။ ဆာေလာင္ျခင္းနဲ႔တူတဲဲ႔ ဒုကၡေဝဒနာဆုိတာ မရွိ။” လုိ႔ ေအာက္ပါဂါထာကို ရြတ္ဆုိ၍ ေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူပါတယ္။


ဆာေလာင္ျခင္းဟာ အဆိုးဝါးဆုံး ေရာဂါျဖစ္တယ္။
အေၾကာင္းတရားတုိ႔ ေပါင္းစပ္ျဖစ္ေပၚလာေသာ သခါၤရတရားတုိ႔္ဟာ အႀကီးမားဆုံး ဒုကၡျဖစ္တယ္။
ျဖစ္ပ်က္သမွ်သခါၤရေတြကုိ ယထာဘူတညဏ္ျဖင္႔ အမွန္အတုိင္း သိသူအတြက္ နိဗၺာန္ဟာ အလြန္ျမတ္ဆုံးခ်မ္းသာ ျဖစ္တယ္။

- ဓမၼပဒ ၂၀၃
- ဆာေလာင္ေနတဲ႔ ေယာက်္ားတစ္ေယာက္ ဝတၳဳ


Explanations ---


မွတ္ခ်က္ ---- ဒီ Story - မွာ ဝတၳဳေၾကာင္း ျပန္ေျပာတဲ႔အပိုင္းတြင္ Simple Present Tense - ရုိးရုိးပစၥဳပၸန္ကာလကုိ သုံးထားပါတယ္။ Simple Present Tense - ကုိ “Story-telling-tense - ဇာတ္လမ္း ၊ ပုံျပင္ ေျပာရာတြင္ အမ်ားဆုံး သုံးၾကတဲ႔ ကာလ” လုိ႔ ေခၚၾကတယ္။



@--Ripe (for Something)=ready or suitable for sth to happen=အခ်ိန္တန္(က်ေရာက္)ေနေသာ၊ အသင္႔ျဖစ္ေသာ
-The Buddha sees a poor man who is ripe for…. ဆုိတဲ႔ Adj Clause-ကို Wh-ႏွင္႔ Verb be-ကုိ ျဖဳတ္၍ Adj Phrase - ေျပာင္းေရးထားတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။


@-- Stream-entry= ေသာတၱိမဂ္၊ဖုိလ္


@--Daybreak=Dawn=the time of day when light first appears=အာရုံတက္၊ နံနက္မုိးေသာက္


@--Leave for=တစ္ေနရာရာသုိ႔ ထြက္ခြာသည္။


@--On hearing = ၾကားတဲ႔အခါ
On+Ving = When


@--Eager to V1=Keen= Very interested and excited=အလြန္စိတ္အားထက္သန္ေသာ


@--Coincidentally=တိုက္တုိက္ဆုိင္ဆုိင္ ၊ တုိက္ဆုိင္ခ်င္ေတာ႔


@--Astray =Away from the correct path or direction = ေပ်ာက္ေနဆဲ၊ လြတ္ေနဆဲ


@--The Teacher = The Buddha


@--Verb Be+over=ၿပီးဆုံးသည္၊ ေက်ာ္လြန္သည္။


@--To come= လာမည္႔
ေရွ႕မွာ Noun - ရွိရင္ To V1-ေတြကုိ ….မည္႔ ဆုိတဲ႔ အနာဂတ္အဓိပၸာယ္ျဖင္႔ ယူေလ႔ရွိတယ္။


@--Too late to hear the Dhamma=တရားနာဖုိ႔ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ ေနာက္က်ေနသည္။
-Too Adj to V1=မေလာက္ေအာင္……ပါသည္။ Eg. Too numerous to mention=ေဖာ္ျပ၍ မရႏုိင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ မ်ားပါသည္။ Too busy to talk=စကားမေျပာႏုိင္ေလာက္ အလုပ္မ်ားေနပါသည္။


@--At least=(ဘာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္) အနည္းဆုံးေတာ႔


@--Pay someone’s respects=အရုိအေသေပးသည္။

@--In spite of Noun/ Ving=ေသာ္ျငားလည္း၊ လင္႔ကစား၊ ေပမဲ႔


@--Pay obeisance= အရုိအေသေပးသည္။


@--At once=Immediately=ခ်က္ခ်င္း ၊မဆုိင္းမတြ


@--If there is any alms-food remaining
(1)If there is any alms-food. (2) It remains.
(Adj Clause) If there is any alms-food that remains. (Present Participle Adj Phrase)If there is any alms-food remaining. Eg. There were only ten minutes remaining.


@--The steward does as the Buddha wishes.
-The steward serves as the Buddha wishes.


@--Very soon afterwards = ဒါၿပီးေနာက္ သိပ္မၾကာခင္မွာ


@--At the end of Noun=အျဖစ္အပ်က္ တစ္ခုခုရဲ႕ အဆုံးမွာ၊ At the end -ကုိ သုံးတဲ႔အခါ Of - နဲ႔တြဲၿပီး ေနာက္မွာ Noun- တစ္ခုခုရွိတယ္။
-In the end = အဆုံးတြင္(မွာ)၊ Of - နဲ႔ Noun - မပါပါ။


@--Grumble (about / at sb/sth) = to complain about sb/sth in a bad-tempered way=အျပစ္တင္သည္။


@--About how the Buddha did = ျမတ္စြာဘုရား ျပဳမူခဲ႔ပုံနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္၍


@--Since = because


@--For the (very) first time = ပထမဆုံးအႀကိမ္အျဖစ္(အေနနဲ႔)


@--Controversial points = အျငင္းပြားစရာအခ်က္မ်ား၊ အျငင္းပြားဖြယ္ရာမ်ား


@--In detail = အေသးစိတ္၊ ခေရေစ႔တြင္းက်


@--At all = လုံးဝ၊ ဘာဆုိဘာမွ၊ At all-ကုိ Negative Sentence - မဟုတ္ဝါက်ေတြမွာ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔ သုံးတယ္။


@--If I were = ဒီပုံစံကုိ ျဖစ္ခဲ႔ၿပီးတာကုိ မျဖစ္ခဲ႔သလုိ၊ လုံးဝ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္တဲ႔အရာေတြကုိ စိတ္ကူးယဥ္ၿပီးေျပာတဲ႔အခါမ်ဳိးေတြမွာ သုံးေလ႔ရွိတယ္။
-တကယ္ေတာ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရား တရားေဟာေတာ္မူတဲ႔အခ်ိန္မွာ ဆင္းရဲသားဟာ ဆာေလာင္ျခင္းမရွိေတာ႔သလုိ တရားကုိလည္း နားလည္ႏုိင္ခဲ႔တယ္။
-If I were a bird, I would fly to you so often. (စိတ္ကူးယဥ္သက္သက္ပုံစံ)


@--I asked that he be fed=
-Note – Ask, Advise, Suggest တို႔ရဲ႕ အသုံးအႏႈန္းေတြဟာ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံမွာ အျခားႀကိယာေတြ သုံးပုံနဲ႔ မတူတာကုိ ေတြ႔ရတယ္။
-အထက္ဝါက်တြင္ I asked (the steward) to feed him (the poor man)- လုိ႔မေရးဘဲ I asked that he be fed. လုိ႔ေရးတယ္၊ Passive Voice- ျဖစ္လုိ႔ be -ထည္႔ေရးတယ္၊(ဒီဝါက်မွာ he is - လို႔ မသုံးရ၊ be - ကိုပဲသုံးရမယ္)
Eg. They advise that a passport be carried with you at all times. (ဒီဝါက်မွာ a passport is - လို႔ မသုံးရ၊ be - ကိုပဲသုံးရမယ္)
They advise you to carry a passport with you at all times. လုိ႔လည္း ေရးႏုိင္သည္။
Eg. He suggested that we go for a drink. ( ဒါေပမဲ႔ He suggested us to go -လုိ႔ မေရးရလုိ႔ ဆုိပါတယ္။)


@--Like (Prepo)=….ႏွင္႔တူေသာ


@--As it really is = (ယထာဘူတညဏ္ျဖင္႔) အမွန္ကုိ အမွန္အတုိင္း

Visak, why is it so called? Visak --- ဘာေၾကာင္႔ ဒီလုိေခၚၾကတာလဲ

On this very same full-moon day of the month of Vesākha (May), 2633 years ago, Siddhaṭṭha Bodhisatta was born in the Lumbini Park near Kapilavatthu ; 2598 years ago, He became a Fully Enlightened One at the age of 35 under the Bodhi Tree at Buddha-Gaya ; 2553 years ago, He passed away at the age of 80 at Kusinārā.

In fact, for Buddhists, “Visak” is of great significance for the above-mentioned three events of the Buddha; among those three too, the Enlightenment of the Buddha was the most important and significant event, since it did bring the light and freedom to the world, for this reason, He is called “The Bringer of Light and Freedom”. Accordingly indeed, His arising in this world was, is, and will be for the good, welfare and happiness of the multitude, for gods and men, and even for animals and beings in the lowest realms. It was on this very full-moon Day of Visak that it all started in this world and that the triumph of the Buddha Himself and the world alike took place.

In reality, Visak is an adapted word for "Vesākha", which is a Pali month name. The month of "Vesākha" is called “Ka Sone La” in Myanmar, and usually coincides with May. This is the reason why it is so called Visak. Now the word "Visak" has become an international term, noted even on the United Nations calendar.

On this Visak Day, it is a common tradition for Buddhists all over the world to pour fragrant and pure water at the Bodhi Trees at the pagoda platforms or temples in commemoration of the Buddha or as a mark of honoring the Buddha, remembering His unique virtues and match-less qualities. In addition, Mahā Paritta, Paṭṭhāna and some Suttas (Discourses) are either individually or in groups chanted together with observing precepts, teaching and listening to the Dhamma, cultivating loving-kindness and practicing meditation. In this way, on this full-moon Day of Visak, the followers of the Buddha all over the world spend their time rightly and wisely. It is on this very Visak-full-moon Day that the hearts of Buddhists are truly imbued with merit and virtues. What a precious and marvelous Day for Buddhists!


May You Do Good and Be At Peace on this Visak!





Visak --- ဘာေၾကာင္႔ ဒီလုိေခၚၾကတာလဲ




၂၆၃၄-ႏွစ္အလြန္ ေဝသာခ(ေမ)လရဲ႕ ဒီလျပည္႔ေန႔မွာပဲ ဘုရားအေလာင္း သိဒၶတၳမင္းသားကုိ ကပိလဝတၳဳ ေရႊၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္အနီး လုမၺိနီအင္က်င္းဥယ်ာဥ္မွာ မီးရွဴးသန္႔စဥ္ ဖြားျမင္ေတာ္မူခဲ႔ၿပီး၊ ၂၅၉၉-ႏွစ္အလြန္ ဒီလျပည္႔ေန႔မွာပဲ သူဟာ အသက္ ၃၅-ႏွစ္အရြယ္ ဗုဒၶဂယာ မဟာေဗာဓိေရႊေညာင္ပင္ေအာက္မွာ သဗၺညဳတညဏ္ေတာ္ရွင္ ဗုဒၶအျဖစ္သုိ႔ ေရာက္ရွိခဲ႔ကာ၊ ၂၅၅၄-ႏွစ္အလြန္ ဒီလျပည္႔ေန႔မွာပဲ သူဟာ သက္ေတာ္ ၈၀-အရြယ္ ကုသႎနာရုံအင္က်င္းေတာမွာ ပရိနိဗၺာန္ ဝင္စံေတာ္မူခဲ႔ပါတယ္။

အမွန္တကယ္ေတာ႔ “Visak”ေန႔ ဟာ အထက္ေဖာ္ျပပါ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ႏွင္႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ႔ အျဖစ္အပ်က္သုံးခုေၾကာင္႔ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြအတြက္ အလြန္အေရးပါတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္၊ ထုိသုံးခုထဲမွာလည္း ဗုဒၶရွင္ေတာ္ျမတ္ရဲ႕ သဗၺညဳတေရႊညဏ္ေတာ္ကုိ ရရွိေတာ္မူျခင္းကေတာ႔ အေရးပါအရာေရာက္ဆုံး အျဖစ္အပ်က္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္၊ အေၾကာင္းကေတာ႔ ဒီအျဖစ္အပ်က္က ညဏ္ပညာႏွင္႔ အလင္းေရာင္ကုိ ဤကမၻာေလာကသုိ႔ ေဆာင္က်ဥ္းေပးခဲ႔တဲ႔အတြက္ေၾကာင္႔ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္၊ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူ႔ကုိ “ညဏ္ပညာႏွင္႔ အလင္းေရာင္ကုိ ေဆာင္ယူလာသူ”လုိ႔ ေခၚေဝၚေျပာဆုိတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ အဲဒီလုိ ေခၚေဝၚသည္႔အားေလွ်ာ္စြာ ဤကမၻာေလာကမွာ သူပြင္႔ထြန္းေပၚေပါက္လာျခင္းဟာ မ်ားျပားလွစြာေသာ လူ၊ နတ္၊ ျဗဟၼာတုိ႔ရဲ႕ ေကာင္းက်ဳိးခ်မ္းသာအတြက္သာမက တိရစၦာန္ေတြ၊ အနိမ္႔က်ဆုံးဘုံဘဝေတြမွာ ျဖစ္ၾကရတဲ႔ သတၱဝါေတြရဲ႕ ေကာင္းက်ဳိးခ်မ္းသာအတြက္လည္းပဲ ျဖစ္ခဲ႔၊ ျဖစ္ဆဲ၊ ျဖစ္ေနပါလိမ္႔ဦးမယ္။ ဤကဲ႔သို႔ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ကုိယ္ေတာ္အတြက္သာမက ဤကမၻာေလာကႀကီးအတြက္လည္း ျဖစ္ခဲ႔ေသာ ထိုေအာင္ပြဲႏွင္႔ ဤကမၻာမွာ ေကာင္းက်ဳိးခ်မ္းသာေတြ စတင္ျဖစ္ေပၚခဲ႔တာဟာ ဒီကဆုန္လျပည္႔ ဗုဒၶ(Visak)ေန႔ မွာပါ။

တကယ္ေတာ႔ Visak - ဆုိတာ ပါဠိလနာမည္တစ္ခုျဖစ္တဲ႔ “ေဝသာခ”ကေန ေမြးစားယူထားတဲ႔ စကားလုံးတစ္လုံးျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ထုိ “ေဝသာခ”လကို ျမန္မာလုိ “ကဆုန္လ”လုိ႔ ေခၚၾကၿပီး မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔ ေမလ ႏွင္႔ တုိက္ဆုိင္ က်ေရာက္ေလ႔ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါကေတာ႔ “Visak” လုိ႔ ေခၚရတဲ႔ အေၾကာင္းပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အခုေတာ႔ ဒီ “Visak” ဆုိတဲ႔ စကားလုံးဟာ ႏုိင္ငံတကာသုံး ေဝါဟာရတစ္ခုျဖစ္လာသလုိ ကမၻာ႔ကုလသမဂၢျပကၡဒိန္မွာလည္း ထည္႔သြင္းသတ္မွတ္ထားၿပီျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ထုိ ကဆုန္လျပည္႔ဗုဒၶ(Visak)ေန႔႔မွာ ကမၻာတစ္ဝွမ္းရွိ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြ လုပ္ေလ႔ရွိတဲ႔ အစဥ္အလာတစ္ခုကေတာ႔ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ကုိ ေအာက္ေမ႔သတိရျခင္းအထိမ္းအမွတ္ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ အတုမရွိ၊ အႏႈိင္းမဲ႔ဂုဏ္ေတာ္ေတြကုိ ဆင္ျခင္ေအာက္ေမ႔သတိရဂုဏ္ျပဳပူေဇာ္ျခင္း အမွတ္အသားတစ္ခုအေနျဖင္႔ ဘုရား၊ေစတီရင္ျပင္ေတာ္ႏွင္႔ ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းေတြမွာရွိတဲ႔ ေဗာဓိပင္ေတြကုိ အေမႊးနံ႔သာေရျဖင္႔ သြန္းေလာင္းပူေဇာ္ၾကျခင္းပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါ႔အျပင္ သီလခံယူေဆာက္တည္ျခင္း၊ တရားေဒသနာေတာ္မ်ား ေဟာၾကား နားယူျခင္း၊ ေမတၱာဘာဝနာပြားမ်ားျခင္း၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းတရား ပြားမ်ားအားထုတ္ျခင္းေတြနဲ႔အတူ ပရိတ္၊ပ႒ာန္းႏွင္႔ သုတၱန္ေဒသနာေတာ္မ်ားကို တစ္ဦးခ်င္းျဖစ္ေစ၊ အစုအဖြဲ႔လုိက္ျဖစ္ေစ ရြတ္ဆုိပူေဇာ္တတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ ဤနည္းအားျဖင္႔ ကမၻာတစ္ဝွမ္းရွိ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြဟာ ကဆုန္လျပည္႔ ဗုဒၶ(Visak)ေန႔မွာ သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕အခ်ိန္ေတြကုိ အေျမာ္အျမင္ရွိွရွိ မွန္မွန္ကန္ကန္ ကုန္လြန္ေစတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ ဒီကဆုန္လျပည္႔ ဗုဒၶ(Visak)ေန႔မွာဆုိရင္ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ ႏွလုံးသားေတြဟာ ဒါန၊သီလဂုဏ္ေတြနဲ႔ တကယ္႔ကုိ ျပည္႔ေနၾကပါတယ္။ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြအတြက္ေတာ႔ တကယ္႔ကုိ တန္ဖုိးရွိတဲ႔ ေန႔ထူူးေန႔ျမတ္ပါပဲ!

ဒီကဆုန္လျပည္႔ ဗုဒၶေန႔မွာ ေကာင္းတာေတြကုိ ျပဳလုပ္ႏုိင္ၿပီး ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းႏုိင္ၾကပါေစ!

Explanations---

@--Visak, why is it so called?
-တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ ဤသို႔ထြင္ေရးတတ္ၾကတယ္။ Eg. English, why should we learn it? John, this is my name.
-so-called+Noun နဲ႔ so called(Verb-3)-လုိ႔ ႏွစ္မ်ဳိးရွိတယ္။
So-called+N-သည္ “အမည္ခံသက္သက္၊…..ဟုေခၚ(ဆုိ)ေသာ” လုိ႔ အဓိပၸာယ္ႏွစ္မ်ဳိးထြက္တယ္။ Eg. A so-called university=အမည္ခံသက္သက္ တကၠသုိလ္ (တကၠသိုလ္ရဲ႕ အရည္အခ်င္း၊ အဂၤါလကၡဏာေတြနဲ႔ ညီညႊတ္မႈ မရွိတဲ႔ တကၠသိုလ္ဟု ဆုိလုိတယ္)၊ A so-called expert; So-called special offers
So called(V3)-ကေတာ႔ “ဤသို႔ေခၚ” ဆုိတဲ႔ အဓိပၸာယ္အတုိင္း ေရွ႕မွာ so called - ျပန္ညႊန္းတဲ႔အရာတစ္ခုခု အၿမဲရွိတယ္။ Eg. Visak, why is it so called? Mr. Know-all, he is so called. မစၥတာ လူတတ္ႀကီး, သူ႔ကုိ ဒီလုိပဲ ေခၚၾကတယ္။ Know-all= ေနရာတကာ “လူတတ္ႀကီး” လုပ္တတ္သူ

@-- On this very same full-moon day
-This very same +Noun = ထို ၊ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ This very+N ၊ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ The same+N နဲ႔သုံးတတ္တယ္။ Eg. In this very article, The same book

@-- A Fully Enlightened One= သဗၺညဳတေရႊညဏ္ေတာ္ရွင္ (ဗုဒၶ)

@-- At the age of (35/40/50) = … အရြယ္မွာ

@--Pass away= ကြယ္လြန္၊ အနိစၥေရာက္သည္။

@--- Of great significance =very significant Eg. Of great use=very useful

@-- Above-mentioned =အထက္မွာ ရွင္းလင္းေဖာ္ျပထားေသာ

@--Since = Because

@--Did bring = အတိတ္ကာလကို ေလးနက္ေအာင္ေရးသည္။ ပစၥဳပၸန္ကာလ s, es- ထည္႔ရေသာ Verb - ေတြဆုိရင္ He does bring(He brings) - ျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ s, es- မထည္႔ရေသာ Verb - ေတြဆုိရင္ They do bring (They bring)- ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

@-- For this reason = ဒီအေၾကာင္းေၾကာင္႔

@-- Accordingly indeed = ….ႏွင္႔(တကယ္႔ကုိ)ေလွ်ာ္ညီစြာ

@-- Multitude (of) Noun= A large number of people = လူအမ်ားအျပား

@-- It was on this very full-moon Day of Visak that it all started in this world and that the triumph…… took place.
-It is / was…… that……. Emphatic Pattern - ေလးနက္ေအာင္ ေဖာ္ျပလုိတဲ႔အခါေတြမွာ အသုံးျပဳတယ္။ Eg. It is on the internet that everything is available.

@-- Triumph = Great victory = ႀကီးႀကီးမားမား ေအာင္ျမင္မႈ

@--Take place = Happen = ျဖစ္(ပ်က္)သည္

@-- Adapted = ေမြးစားယူထားေသာ

@--Coincide with=(of two or more events)take place at the same time=တုိက္ဆုိင္ႀကဳံႀကိဳက္သည္

@-- Common tradition= လူအမ်ားစု လုပ္ေလ႔ရွိတဲ႔ ဓေလ႔ထုံးစံ

@--In commemoration of(Somebody)=ေအာက္ေမ႔သတိရျခင္း အထိမ္းအမွတ္အေနျဖင္႔

@-- As a mark of =အမွတ္အသားတစ္ခုအေနျဖင္႔

@--Unique=being the only one of its kind=အတုမရွိေသာ
-Match-less=Incomparable=ၿပိဳင္ဘက္ကင္းေသာ

@--Either …..or = တစ္ခုမဟုတ္တစ္ခု Eg. You can either take it or leave it.

@--Rightly and wisely=မွန္မွန္ကန္ကန္ အေျမာ္အျမင္ရွိရွိ

@--Imbued with=full of=ျပည္႔ေနေသာ

@--What a precious and marvelous Day for the Buddhists!
-What a/an Adj+Noun! Eg. What a beautiful flower! What an ugly dog!

@-- At Peace=Peaceful= ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာယာေသာ